青少年雾霾天气健康防护行为及相关影响因素

Haze weather health protection behavior and associated factors in adolescents

目的了解青少年雾霾天气健康防护行为状况,为对青少年开展雾霾天气健康防护的行为干预及健康指导提供科学依据。方法2015年6月至2016年4月,在河北省保定市的2所中学,采用分层整群抽样方法抽取22个班级1025名青少年。采用一般资料调查表和简易雾霾天气健康防护行为测评量表—青少年版(BHWHPBAS-AV)进行调查。通过多元线性回归分析探索青少年雾霾天气健康防护行为的影响因素,并建立不同模型进一步验证影响因素与BHWHPBAS-AV得分之间关联的稳定性。结果青少年BHWHPBAS-AV总体得分较低(45.81±13.16),“雾霾天气之后的自我调节”维度得分率最高(64.54%),“雾霾天气之前获得相关知识”维度得分率最低(50.28%)。与居住地为城市者相比,居住地为农村者BHWHPBAS-AV得分更低(β=-3.20,P<0.01)。与和父母一起居住者相比,未和父母一起居住者的BHWHPBAS-AV得分更低(β=-4.16,P=0.01)。与从不体检者相比,几年一次者、一年一次者和一年多次者BHWHPBAS-AV得分更高(β值分别为4.44,5.66,9.04,P值均<0.01)。与完全不了解呼吸系统疾病相关知识者相比,基本了解者和非常了解者的BHWHPBAS-AV得分更高(β值分别为9.34,12.19,P值均<0.01)。在不同模型中,其结果均是稳定的。多元线性回归分析结果显示,居住地、与父母居住情况、体检情况、呼吸系统疾病相关知识了解程度均是BHWHPBAS-AV得分的相关因素(P值均<0.05)。结论青少年雾霾天气健康防护行为的整体水平较低,并受多种因素的影响。应加强合作,对青少年开展广泛的雾霾天气健康防护的行为干预与健康指导,促进青少年的健康成长。

Objective To investigate adolescent haze weather health protection behavior,and to provide scientific basis for behavioral intervention and health guidance for adolescents in haze weather.Methods From June 2015 to April 2016,1025 adolescents were selected from 22 classes in two middle schools of Baoding City,Hebei Province,by stratified cluster sampling method.General information questionnaire and the Brief Haze Weather Health Protection Behavior Assessment Scale-Adolescent Version(BHWHPBAS-AV)were used.Multiple linear regressions were conducted to explore factors affecting adolescent haze weather health protection behavior.Different models were used to confirm associations between influencing factors and BHWHPBAS-AV scores.Results Adolescents had a low overall score of BHWHPBAS-AV(45.81±13.16).The score rate of self-adjustment after haze weather was the highest(64.54%).The score rate of obtaining relevant knowledge before haze weather was the lowest(50.28%).Compared with adolescents in urban area,rural adolescents had a lower BHWHPBAS-AV score(β=-3.20,P<0.01).Compared with students(living with parents),those living without parents had a lower BHWHPBAS-AV score(β=-4.16,P=0.01).Compared with students never receive physical examination,those had received physical examination during the past years had a higher BHWHPBAS-AV score(β=4.44,5.66,9.04,P<0.01).Compared with students with no knowledge of respiratory system diseases,those with moderate to sufficient knowledge had a higher BHWHPBAS-AV score(β=9.34,12.19,P<0.01).These associations were stable and consistent.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that residence,residence with parents,physical examination and knowledge of respiratory diseases were the relevant factors of BHWHPBAS-AV score(P<0.05).Conclusion Adolescent haze weather health protection behavior level is low and is affected by many factors.Cooperation should be strengthened to conduct behavioral interventions and health guidance on haze health protection for adolescents,so as to promote healthy growth of adolescents.