安徽阜阳城区学龄前儿童面部外伤流行特征

Epidemiological characteristics of facial trauma in preschool children in Fuyang City of Anhui Province

目的了解安徽阜阳城区3~6岁学龄前儿童面部外伤发生现状及相关影响因素,为降低学龄前儿童面部外伤提供参考依据。方法采取多阶段分层整群抽样方法,对阜阳市4所幼儿园3~6岁的1062名学龄前儿童家长进行问卷调查。结果共收集面部外伤儿童146例,学龄前儿童面部外伤报告率为13.7%。男女童之比为1.84∶1,幼儿园小、中班男生报告率(24.5%,16.4%)高于女生(13.4%,9.0%),差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为6.66,4.25,P值均<0.05)。小班儿童面部外伤(19.4%)发生最多,且随着年龄增长,发病人数逐渐降低。跌倒(61.6%)是最常见原因。家庭(55.5%)和幼儿园(26.0%)是发生面部外伤的主要场所,额部(26.0%)和下颌(21.2%)为主要受伤部位,单纯皮肤裂伤(81.5%)是主要受伤类型。11:00—13:00(19.9%)及17:00—19:00(27.4%)为面部外伤高发时间;6—8月(39.7%)为高发月份。单因素分析结果显示,学龄前儿童面部外伤在性别、班级、家长自诉儿童性格、监护人文化程度和家庭类型方面差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为14.51,18.84,39.66,6.56,12.31,P值均<0.05)。结论学龄前儿童面部外伤报告率较高,不同性别、班级、性格、家庭类型等发生情况有所差异,家庭、幼托机构和社会等多方共同干预,可有效减少学龄前儿童意外伤害发生。

Objective To investigate the current situation and related factors of facial trauma in school-age children in urban areas of Fuyang,and to provide basis for child facial trauma prevention.Methods By cluster stratified random sampling method,a questionnaire survey was conducted among parents of school-age children aged 3-6 in four kindergartens in Fuyang City.A total of 1062 valid questionnaires were included.Results A total of 146(13.7%)children with facial trauma were included.The ratio of boys to girls was 1.84∶1.In primary and secondary classes in kindergarten,the reporting rate of boys(24.5%,16.4%)was higher than that of girls(13.4%,9.0%),and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=6.66,4.25,P<0.05).The incidence of facial trauma was highest(19.4%)in junior kindergarten class children,which decreased with age.Falls injury(61.6%)was the leading cause of facial trauma.Most of facial trauma occurred in family(55.5%)and kindergarten(26.0%).Forehead(26.0%)and mandible(21.2%)were the main injured body sites.Skin laceration(81.5%)was the main type of injury.Facial trauma mostly occurred at 11:00-13:00(19.9%)and 17:00-19:00(27.4%),during June to August(39.7%).The results of univariate analysis showed that the facial trauma of preschool children was associated with gender,class,parent-rated child temperament,parental education and family type(χ^(2)=14.51,18.84,39.66,6.56,12.31,P<0.05).Conclusion Facial trauma in preschool children in Fuyang is common,which varies in gender,class,temperament and family type.