农户宅基地资格权何以保障:分置还是错配——L市宅基地资格权择位竞价的案例研究

How to Protect Farmers’ Homestead Qualification Right: Split or Misallocation: A Case Study on Auction of Homestead Qualification Right in L City

以L市宅基地资格权择位竞价为案例,聚焦宅基地所有权和资格权分置过程中产生的错配问题,揭示宅基地农户资格权保障的创新举措与现实困境之间的裂隙及改进思路,为构建宅基地农户资格权保障机制提供借鉴。研究发现,农户资格权保障的现实诉求、地方政府政绩导向、乡贤精英“乡土情结”回归以及乡村治理结构转型要求,共同驱动着L市宅基地资格权择位竞价模式的形成。但在实践过程中,由于资格权权能不清和收益分配机制不完善等政策失灵和市场失灵,产生了资源、身份、权益错配等问题。因此,建议深化宅基地资格权研究,强化政策供给;优化择位竞价操作方案,完善市场机制,以矫治宅基地所有权和资格权分置改革中的错配问题。

This paper analyzes the misallocation arising from the separation of homestead ownership and qualification rights, reveal the gap and improvement ideas between the innovative measures to ensure the qualification right of homestead farmers and the practical dilemma, in order to provide reference for the construction of the guarantee mechanism of homestead farmers’ qualification right.The results show that the realistic demand for securing farmers’ qualification rights, the guidance of local political achievements, the return of the “local complex” of rural elites and the requirements of the transformation of rural governance structure have jointly driven the formation of the selective bidding model for the qualification rights of residential bases in L city.However, in the process of practice, due to policy failure and market failure such as unclear= qualification rights and imperfect benefit distribution mechanism, there are problems such as mismatch of resources, identities and interests.In conclusion, it is recommended to deepen the research on the qualification right of homestead and strengthen the policy supply;Optimize the operation scheme of location selection bidding and improve the market mechanism to correct the mismatch in the reform of the separation of homestead ownership and qualification rights.