不同栽培措施对中稻“黄华占”生长和产量的影响

Effects of different cultivation measures on growth and yield of middle rice“Huanghuazhan”

为研究不同栽培措施对江汉平原中稻的影响,采用L_(9)(3^(4))正交试验设计,对中稻“黄华占”连续两年采用播种期、施氮量、基本苗、水层进行不同栽培因素组合试验,探索不同栽培措施对中稻“黄华占”生长和产量的影响。结果表明,播种期和施氮量能显著影响生育期,播种期每推迟1期生育期缩短1.7~2d,施氮量每增加50kg/hm^(2)生育期延长0.3~2d;施氮量与基本苗对产量关系密切,施氮量为150kg/hm^(2)和移栽的基本苗60×10^(4)株/hm^(2)时产量最高,平均达到8898.30kg/hm^(2);施氮量与基本苗主要通过影响单位面积有效穗进而影响产量,单位面积有效穗与产量呈显著正相关(R^(2)=0.6859,P<0.05)。综合考虑,“黄华占”最佳的栽培因素组合为播种期4月25日,施氮量纯N 150kg/hm^(2),基本苗60×10^(4)株/hm^(2),移栽后7d内统一灌水5cm。

In order to study the effects of different cultivation measures on middle rice in Jianghan Plain,through the L_(9)(3^(4))orthogonal experimental design,the combination test of different cultivation measures was carried out to explore the effects of different cultivation measures on the growth and yield of the middle rice“Huanghuazhan”by using different cultivation factors including sowing date,nitrogen application rate,basic seedlings and water zone in two consecutive years.The results show that the sowing date and nitrogen application rate can significantly affect the growth period,the growth period is shortened by 1.7~2 days for each delay of sowing date,and with the increase of nitrogen application rate of 50kg/hm^(2),the growth period is prolonged by 0.3~2 days;The nitrogen application rate is closely related to the yield of basic seedlings.The yield is the highest when the nitrogen application rate is 150kg/hm^(2) and the transplanted basic seedlings are 60×10^(4) plants/hm^(2),reaching an average of 8898.30kg/hm^(2);Nitrogen application rate and basic seedlings mainly affect the yield by affecting the effective panicle per unit area,and the effective panicle per unit area is significantly positively correlated with the yield(R^(2)=0.6859,P<0.05).On the whole,the optimal combination of cultivation factors for“Huanghuazhan”is the sowing date of April,25^(th),the nitrogen application rate of pure N 150kg/hm^(2),the basic seedlings 60×10^(4) plants/hm^(2),and the uniform irrigation of 5cm of water within 7d after transplanting.