唐代侠的现实生活与时代特征述论

Chivalrous Men's Real Life and Characteristics of the Times in the Tang Dynasty

唐代是中国古代侠与侠文化的重要发展和转型期。随着汉魏以来的社会变迁,唐代侠的成员构成,社会交往趋于复杂,生活方式、人格特征也更为多元。较前代而言,唐代的侠表现出宗族豪侠衰落、文人任侠兴盛以及侠与刺客合流等鲜明的时代特征。唐代侠的这些变化,使其在政治领域的影响力不断削弱,但却被内化为一种生活态度,或者说是一种精神风范,使其在文化和精神层面的影响力日益高涨并大放异彩,深刻影响着中国的侠文化传统。

Tang Dynasty was an important period of development and transformation of chivalrous men and chivalrous culture in the ancient China.With the social changes since the Han and Wei dynasties,chivalrous men in the Tang dynasty became more and more complicated in terms of its members and social interaction as well as its lifestyle and personality characteristics.Compared with the previous dynasties,the chivalrous men in the Tang dynasty showed the decline of chivalry,represented by the local clans,the prosperity of literati's preference and imitation of chivalry in addition to the collaboration of chivalrous men and assassins.These changes weakened its influence of chivalry in politics,yet were internalized as an attitude towards life,or as a spiritual demeanor,but expanded its influence in culture and spirit.These changes had a profound impact on Chinese chivalry culture.