西方权利与制度域题的政治哲学流转--基于历史唯物主义视角

The Transformation of Political Philosophy in the Domain of Western Rights and Institutions——Based on the Perspective of Historical Materialism

西方研究权利与制度关系的理论是资本主义社会商品经济发展形态中各个阶段的学理呈现。自然权利、功利主义至新自由主义的政治哲学流转均无法破解权利与制度域题。因为,无论国家制度和公共权力是基于“公意”“最大幸福”抑或“原始状态”的确定,还是人民权利来源于“自然法”“功利原则”抑或“自我所有权”,都脱离了“现实的人”与社会物质生产关系。在历史唯物主义视域下,权利与制度并非一对矛盾体,而是相得益彰的社会机制范畴,即权利是对人的主体性的确认,制度是对权利的理性规范,二者根源于人的现实性存在方式。

Western theories on the relationship between rights and institutions are the theoretical presentation of the various stages in the development of the commodity economy in the capitalist society.The transformation of political philosophy from natural rights,utilitarianism to neoliberalism cannot solve the problem of rights and institutions.Whether the state system and public power are based on the determination of“general will”,“maximum happiness”or“original state”,or whether people’s rights are derived from“natural law”,“utility principle”or“self-ownership”,so they are all separated from“reality people”and the social material production relations.From the perspective of historical materialism,rights and institutions are not a pair of contradictions,but a category of social mechanisms that complement each other.That is,rights are the confirmation of human subjectivity,and institutions are rational norms of rights,both of which are rooted in the way of realistic human existence.