尼采的“宿命”:命运的超越之思

Nietzsche’s“Fate”:Contemplation on Transcendence over Destiny

“超越之思”称得上是尼采思想中最为重要的线索之一,在大多数时候是以“存而不显”的方式贯穿在其文本的不同篇章当中。“超人”便是“超越之思”最受关注的代言者之一。忠于大地,关注此在是他的一个本质;取代上帝,敦促“末人”不断超越当下,则体现了其略带“神圣性”的一面。此二者之间的对比与调和实则暗合了尼采本人在其不同的研究阶段之中克服恶疾、重获健康的复返之旅。同时,催生出一种能够在最接近生死临界点,选择并判断生命痊愈之力界限的能力,进而体验与死亡不同之生命超越的积极“命运观”。

“Contemplation on transcendence”could be regarded as one of the most important clues in Nietzsche’s thought.Most of the time,it ran through different chapters in his text by the way of“existing but not showing”.“Superman”(übermensch in German)was one of the most concerned spokespersons of“contemplation on transcendence”.Being loyal to the earth and paying attention to Dasein was one of his essences;in replacement of God,urging“the last man”(der letzte Mensch in German)to constantly transcend the present reflected its slight“sacred”side.The contrast and reconciliation between the two coincided with Nietzsche’s own journey of overcoming illness and regaining health at different stages of his research.At the same time,it gave birth to the ability to choose and judge the limit of life’s healing power at the closest point of life and death and then to experience a positive view of fate that was different from death.