诉源治理视阈下行政诉权有效行使保障的司法进路——基于程序性驳回案件的实证考察

Judicial Approach to Safeguarding Effective Exercise of Administrative Appeal Right under the Perspective of Governance of Cause of Action——An Empirical Survey based on Cases Dismissed Procedurally

立案登记制改革以来,行政诉权在逐步实现有效行使的同时,也存在一定程度的行使偏差,主要表现在行政案件"高裁驳率""案结事未了"以及办案数与权利救济不成正比。这背后的原因是多方面的,也与行政诉讼自身的特性密切相关,主要包括当事人主观诉求偏离裁判重心、滥用诉权的泛化以及行政诉讼实质化解纠纷的有限性。为了充分保障行政诉权有效行使,纠正行使偏差,在司法进路上应坚持"原则思维"与"政策思维"的有机融合、"权利保障"与"行为控制"的协调推进以及"制度供给"与"司法需求"的双向统一。

Since the reform of case filing system, although the administrative appeal right is being effectively exercised gradually, there are certain deviations which are mainly reflected in “high rate of dismissed administrative cases”, “unfinished settlement after close of a case” and non-proportional relationship between the number of handled cases and the right relief. In addition to multiple causes, this is also closely related to the characteristics of administrative litigations which mainly include deviation of the litigant’s subjective demand from the essence of judgment, the generalization of abuse of litigation right and the limit of administrative litigations in substantial settlement of disputes. In order to fully safeguard effective exercise of administrative litigation rights and correct the deviation in exercise, the judicial approach should insist on organic fusion of “principle-based thinking” and “policy-based thinking”, the coordinated advancement of “right protection” and “behavior control”, as well as the two-way unification of “system supply” and “judicial demand”.