意大利司法官的专业化

Professionalization of Judges and Prosecutors in Italy

意大利法官和检察官(统称"司法官")的培养、遴选、待遇、管理等与普通公务员有很大区别。统一司法官资格考试是进入司法官序列的一般方式,而在正式履职前必须经过18个月高强度的任前培训,入职后的在职培训则一直会持续到司法官退休。2005年至2007年的意大利司法改革重新塑造了司法官专业化的管理模式,特别是在专业考核评估、职务晋升、职业文化培育等方面有充分体现。作为传统的大陆法系国家,意大利司法官的专业化管理模式具有一定的典型性。

The selection, education, treatment, and management of Italian judges and prosecutors are so different from ordinary civil servants. The Unified Judicial Examination is the general way to be appointed as magistrates. After passing the exam,those who have passed the exam also need to undergo an 18-month pre-career training before officially performing duties as judges and prosecutors. It is also required that all the magistrates should continuously participate in training courses throughout the entire professional life. The judicial reform carried out from 2005 to 2007 has an important impact on the professional management of magistrates in Italy, especially in terms of professional evaluation, promotion and the culture of judicial profession. As a traditional civil law country, the professional management model of Italian magistrates has certain significance.