汽车悬架弹性元件动态疲劳试验台液压系统设计与仿真

Design and Simulation of Hydraulic System of Dynamic Fatigue Test Bed for Elastic Components of Automobile Suspension

为了有效测试汽车悬架弹性元件的疲劳强度,确定了动态疲劳试验台的总体设计方案、工作原理和试验流程,设计了动态疲劳试验台的液压系统,并对主要液压元件进行了选型计算与分析,利用AMESim软件对液压系统进行了压力和流量仿真,再分别分析了活塞杆直径为80 mm、90 mm和100 mm,泄漏系数为0.05 L/(min·MPa)和0.5 L/(min·MPa),负载为100 kg、1000 kg和2000 kg对液压系统动态特性的影响。结果表明:随着系统进油与回油的持续,系统压力和流量呈现稳定性周期变化,周期为0.2 s,加载压力最大值为1.5 MPa,腔内最大流量为0.38 L/min;活塞杆直径越大,系统动态响应速度越快,控制精度越高;液压缸泄漏系数越高,动态响应速度就越慢,控制精度越低;系统负载越大,系统动态响应变化小而控制精度越高。研究成果为汽车悬架弹性元件液压动态疲劳试验台的改进提供了一定的技术参考。

Aiming at effectively testing the fatigue strength of elastic components of automobile suspension,the overall design scheme,working principle and test process of dynamic fatigue test-bed were determined,the hydraulic system of dynamic fatigue test-bed was designed,the selection calculation and analysis of main hydraulic components were carried out,and the pressure and flow of hydraulic system were simulated by AMESim software.Then the effects of piston rod diameter of 80 mm,90 mm and 100 mm,leakage coefficient of 0.05 L/(min·MPa)and 0.5 L/(min·MPa)and load of 100 kg,1000 kg and 2000 kg on the dynamic characteristics of hydraulic system were analyzed respectively.The results show that the system pressure and flow show stable periodic changes with the continuous oil inlet and return of the system,the cycle is 0.2 s,the maximum loading pressure is 1.5 MPa,and the maximum flow in the chamber is 0.38 L/min;the larger the diameter of the piston rod,the faster the dynamic response speed of the system and the higher the control accuracy;the higher the leakage coefficient of hydraulic cylinder,the slower the dynamic response speed and the lower the control accuracy;the larger the system load,the smaller the change of system dynamic response and the higher the control accuracy.The research results provide a certain technical reference for the improvement of hydraulic dynamic fatigue test-bed for elastic components of automobile suspension.