生态语言学视角下的阿拉伯语国家的双言制

Diglossia from the Perspective of Ecolinguistics:A Case Study of Arabic-Speaking Countries

双言制是言语社区中具有相对稳定的高低变体的特殊双语现象,阿拉伯语国家的双言制是一个典型代表。宗教信仰、语言接触和殖民历史是阿拉伯语国家双言制的产生机制。阿拉伯语双言制的高、低级变体不仅在各自功能区域内发生变化,而且在互相影响中共存发展,表现出语言生态的动态性;阿拉伯语的中介变体在语言连续体中承担过渡作用,处于没有稳定边界的整体系统之中,表现出语言生态的整体性和系统性。从阿拉伯语国家的双言现象现状看,未来大多数国家的双语制将保持长期稳定。

Diglossia is a special bilingual phenomenon with relatively stable high and low variants in the speech community.Diglossia in Arabic countries is typical and with religion,language contact and colonial policy as the causal factors.The high and low variants of Arabic diglossia not only change in their respective functional areas,but also coexist and develop in mutual influence,showing the dynamics of language ecology.The intermediate variants of Arabic play a transitional role in the language continuum and are located in the overall system without stable boundary,showing the holism of language ecology.From the current situation of bilingualism in Arabic speaking countries,the diglossia in most countries will remain stable for a long time in the future.