城固县油橄榄经济林基地建设思考

Construction of Olive Plantation in Chenggu County

为给陕南地区油橄榄栽植提供决策参考和技术支持,分析总结了城固县从20世纪60年代至今半个多世纪的油橄榄引种栽培经验和教训,汉中、安康、商洛等陕南三市油橄榄栽植主要影响因素,以及近年来城固县在油橄榄优良品种引进、优良品系苗木繁育、丰产栽植技术等领域取得的研究成果,提出了影响品种适应性和产量差异的主要因素是极端低温、夏秋季降雨量、日照时数和土壤肥力等,针对城固县气候和土壤条件,油橄榄栽植应改大树稀植为矮化密植,苗木繁育可采取拱棚遮阴、托盘扦插和露地营养钵较大苗培育的方法。

The introduction and cultivation of Chinese olive in Chenggu County began in the 1960s,and the temperature conditions in the Hanjiang River Valley of southern Shaanxi are basically similar to those in the Mediterranean Sea,which is the main olive-producing area in the world,although the distribution of rainfall is different.At present,the effective drip irrigation system has solved this problem very well.The difference of adaptability and yield was mainly caused by extreme low temperature,rainfall,sunshine hours and soil fertility.In view of the climate and soil conditions in Chenggu County,planting mode has changed from large trees with small density to higher density with low height trees.Seedlings were produced in shading facility,with tray for cutting,and nutrition pot for big tree in wild field planting.