2018—2020年菏泽市猪、牛、羊肉中β-受体激动剂残留风险评估

Risk Assessment of β-agonists Residues in Pig,Beef and Mutton in Heze from 2018 to 2020

目的:了解2018—2020年菏泽市猪、牛、羊肉中β-受体激动剂残留状况并开展暴露风险评估,为加强监管提供科学依据。方法:2018—2020年,连续3年采集农贸市场、超市及冷鲜肉专卖店的猪牛羊肉样品共532份,进行克伦特罗、莱克多巴胺、沙丁胺醇和特布他林4种β-受体激动剂的检测,并使用安全限值法(Margin of Safety,MOS)开展暴露风险评估。结果:3年间猪、牛、羊肉中4种β-受体激动剂的总检出率为6.58%,检出项目均为克伦特罗;牛肉中克伦特罗的检出率逐年下降,检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);羊肉中的检出率逐年上升,检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。猪肉中的检出率略有上升,检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。统计结果表明,克伦特罗在猪、牛、羊肉3种肉中的检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2018年除牛肉外,猪肉、羊肉中克伦特罗的MOS值均大于1;2019年、2020年猪、牛、羊肉的MOS值均小于1。结论:菏泽市畜肉中β-受体激动剂检出项目为克伦特罗,2018—2020年羊肉中克伦特罗的检出率呈连年上升的趋势,2018年克伦特罗对猪肉、羊肉安全的影响在不可以接受的程度内,需进一步提高对畜肉市场的监管力度,严禁瘦肉精类药品的非法滥用,保障食品安全。

Objective:To study the residues of β-receptor agonists in pig,beef and mutton in Heze City from 2018 to 2020,and then assess the risk of dietary exposure,which were used to provide scientific reference for strengthening supervision.Method:A total of 532 samples of pork beef and mutton were collected consecutively from 2018 to 2020 in Heze.The four β-receptor agonists including clenbuterol,ratamine,salbutamol and terbutaline were monitored,and the exposure risk was assessed using Margin of safety.Result:The total detection rate of 4 β-receptor agonists in pork,beef and mutton was 6.58% in three years,which the detected items were clenbuterol.The detection rate of clenbuterol in beef decreased year by year,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05);the detection rate in mutton increased year by year,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).The detection rate in pork increased slightly,and the difference in detection rate was not statistically significant (P>0.05).The statistical results showed that there was no significant difference in the detection rate of clenbuterol among the three meats of pig,cattle and mutton (P>0.05).The MOS values of clenbuterol in pork and mutton were all greater than 1 in 2018,and the MOS values of beef and mutton in 2019 and 2020 were all less than 1.Conclusion:The detection item of β-receptor agonist in meat of Heze city was clenbuterol.The detection rate of clenbuterol in mutton from 2018 to 2020 showed an increasing trend year by year,and the impact of clenbuterol on the safety of pork and mutton in 2018 was unacceptable.Therefore,it is necessary to further strengthen the monitoring and supervision of livestock-meat market,and to prohibit the illegal abuse of clenbuterol drugs to ensure food safety.