论中国古代“大一统”内涵的发展演变

On Development and Evolution of the Connotation of “Great Unification” in Ancient China

春秋战国时期,“大一统”思想孕育产生,其内涵是政治一统与“华夷有别”。自秦以后,疆域一统和“华夷分治”成为汉至明时期“大一统”思想的内涵。两晋南北朝时期的华夷互动加速,强调“入华”为“正统”。隋唐时期则偏重于“华夷一尊”。五代宋辽金元时期“华”弱“夷”强,“大一统”的内涵更强调“合九州居正统”。明朝在民族观念上趋向保守,更强调“华夷之辨”和“内外之别”。清朝对“大一统”进行全新的阐释,突破了此前的“华夷之别”和“内外之别”,突出华夷一体、中外一体和对中华文化的高度认同,从而实现了“大一统”思想的重大突破。

During the Spring and Autumn period,and the Warring States period,the idea of “ Great Unification” was conceived,and its connotation included political unification and “the distinction between Hua(华) and Yi (夷)”.Since the Qin Dynasty,the unification of territory and the“separated governance of Hua and Yi” became the connotation of the thought of “Great Unification”from the Han to the Ming dynasty.During the Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties,the interaction between the Hua and Yi was accelerated,emphasizing “entering Hua” as “orthodox”.The Sui and Tang dynasties emphasized the “equality between the Hua and Yi”.In the Five Dynasties,Song,Liao,Jin and Yuan dynasties,“Hua” was weak and “Yi” was strong,so the connotation of “Great Unification” emphasized “unification of the country was orthodox”.The Ming Dynasty tended to be conservative in the concept of ethnicity,with more emphasis on “the distinction between Hua and Yi” and “the difference between inside and outside”.The Qing Dynasty made a new interpretation of “Great Unification”,breaking through the previous “distinction between Hua and Yi” and “the difference between inside and outside”,highlighting the integration of Hua and Yi,the integration of inside and outside,and the high recognition of Chinese culture,thus achieving a major breakthrough in the idea of “Great Unification”.