美国有关1978年中日“钓鱼岛事件”应对决策初探——基于美国新近解密档案的解读

Exploration of the U.S.Policy Making to Sino-Japanese “Diaoyu Islands Incident” in 1978——An Interpretation Based on the U.S.Recent Declassified Files

1978年中日“钓鱼岛事件”发生在中美建交和《中日和平友好条约》缔结谈判的关键阶段。在“联华抗苏”和维系美日同盟背景下,卡特政府仍继续奉行尼克松时期美国对钓鱼岛政策的基本立场,即保持“中立”,不介入中日钓鱼岛争端,同时也不希望“钓鱼岛事件”成为《中日和平友好条约》签署的障碍。在官方对外新闻发布文本措辞上,卡特政府拒绝公开承诺《美日安保条约》适用于钓鱼岛。美国国务院不同意日本提出要求美国政府提供一份关于钓鱼岛“基本立场”的永久性文本的建议,而只就“当前”事件的立场发表临时性声明。卡特政府应对“钓鱼岛事件”的决策和立场阻止了日本将钓鱼岛纳入《美日安保条约》“防卫”义务的企图。

The Sino-Japanese “Diaoyu Islands Incident” in 1978 occurred in the key stage of establishing diplomatic relations between China and America and signingSino-Japanese Peace and FriendshipT reaty.Under the background of uniting China and confronting the Soviet Union,Carter administration went on pursuing the the Diaoyu Islands policy of Nixon period,namely,to remain neutral — not to intervene Sino-Japanese dispute over the Diaoyu Islands and hope this incident not to put off signingSino-Japanese Peace and Friendship Treaty.About the text of the official press release,Carter administration refused to promise thatTreaty of Mutual Cooperation and SecurityB etween the United States of America and Japanapplied to the Diaoyu Islands.The State Department disapproved of Japan’s request for the U.S.government to provide a permanent text about the basic standpoint of the Diaoyu Islands,but only made a temporary statement about the current incident.Carter administration prevented Japan’s attempt to incorporate the Diaoyu Islands into the coverage of theTreaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security Between the United States of America and Japan.