阶级、民主与规范性——试析E.赖特资本主义批判和替代理论的逻辑进路及其根源

Class,Democracy and Normativity:The Analysis of Logic Path and Its Root of Eric Olin Wright’s Critique and Alternative Theory of Capitalism

当代资本主义和社会主义的关系问题是21世纪分析的马克思主义政治哲学的一个核心论题。分析的马克思主义者E.赖特最初以重构阶级的方式寻求资本主义的替代方案。由于认识到当代资本主义的复杂性,赖特进一步聚焦于激进民主和社会权力,将“为社会主义而斗争”与“为民主而斗争”内在地统一起来,不仅基于“民主的平等主义”规范批判和谴责资本主义,而且为从资本主义向社会主义的转型提供了制度路径。这种理论建构部分根源于赖特对劳动价值论以及利润率下降规律的批判,进而对马克思本人的资本主义替代理论的否弃。这需要我们从马克思的政治经济学批判视角做出回应。

The relationship between contemporary capitalism and socialism is a core issue of Analytical Marxism in the 21stCentury.Eric Olin Wright,as an Analytical Marxist,initially seeks to transform capitalism by reconstructing the class relations.Realizing the complexity of contemporary capitalism society,Wright focus on radical democracy and social power,and combines “fighting for socialism”and“fighting for democracy ”;so that Wright not only criticizes capitalism based on “democratic egalitarianism”,but also provides several institutional pathways for transformation to socialism.The theoretical construction is partly rooted in that Wright first criticizes Marx’s labor theory of value and the law of the falling tendency of the rate of profit,and further abandons Marx’s own alternative theory of capitalism,which requires critical response from the perspective of Marx’s theory of political economy.