海德格尔缘何放弃了“自身世界”?

Why Did Heidegger Abandon the “Self-world”?

“自身世界”是海德格尔早期讲课中所使用的一个核心术语,但在《存在与时间》中,他再也没有使用过这个概念。为了解答这一疑惑,本文试图追溯自身世界及其相关概念的演变历史。一方面,海德格尔在世界的三重意蕴的交织之中聚集于自身世界,将其加以突显,并以实行意义为方向,将其纯化为“自身”;另一方面,他又看到了自身这一本源的运行场所,亦即具体的生活“世界”。基于此,海德格尔那里的“自身世界”被拉扯为“自身”和“世界”两个极端,这也导致了海德格尔最终放弃了“自身世界”这一表述。可以将海德格尔的这一哲学思路重构为以自身为中心、以世界为场所的“自身哲学”,尽管它没有放弃对自身的历史性、实践性塑造,但却由于缺乏真正的超越自身的机制而陷入困境。

The “self-world”was a core term used in Heidegger’s early lectures,but in Being and Time,he never used this concept again.To answer this question,we go back to Heidegger’s early Freiburg lectures to trace the evolution of “self-world”and its related concepts.On the one hand,Heidegger gathered the triple meaning of the world in the self-world,highlighted it,and purified it as “the self”in the direction of meaning of the implementation( Vollzugssinn);on the other hand,he saw the place of operation of the self,the concrete world of life.Based on this,Heidegger’s “self-world”is pulled into two extremes:“self”and “world”,which leads to Heidegger’s final abandonment of this expression.Heidegger’s philosophical thinking can be reconstructed as a “philosophy of the self”.Although it does not give up the historical and practical shaping of the self,it is in trouble due to the lack of a real mechanism to transcend the self.