大数据在科尔沁沙质草甸草地监测中的应用

APPLICATION OF BIG DATA IN GRASSLAND MANAGEMENT OF HORQIN DEGRADED SANDY MEADOW

以科尔沁沙地扎鲁特旗退化草甸为研究区,应用大数据平台对草甸退化情况进行监测和评价,对区域内2005~2017年共13 a的气象资料、草地植被盖度、生物量以及2005、2008、2011、2014、2017年的草地退化、沙化面积进行統计分析。结果表明:(1)植被盖度与各气象指标的相关性依次为三季度蒸散量>二季度蒸散量>三季度温度>三季度降雨量>-季度温度(P<0.05),且与四个季度的温度和一季度蒸散量呈负相关关系,与其他气象因子呈正相关关系;植被盖度随三季度蒸散量和温度的协同变化而变化,也受二季度蒸散量和三季度降雨的共同影响。草地生物量与二季度降雨量、三季度温度以及二季度蒸散量均显著相关(P<0.05),与其他气象因子的相关性较低;草地生物量的积累受二季度降雨和三季度温度的共同影响。(2)研究区5~8月土壤温度最高,土壤水分主要集中在6~9月,与植被的生长季节相匹配;不同深度土壤水分含量在40~80 cm最高,30 cm土壤温度最高达20.41 ℃,以30 cm处为峰值向两端递减。

Taking Jarud Banner degraded meadow in Horqin sandy land as the research area,the degradation of meadow was monitored and evaluated by big data platformn,and the meteorological data,grassland vegetation coverage,biomass from 2005 to 2017 for a total of 13 years,and grassland degraded and desertification area in 2005,2008,2011,2014 and 2017 were statistically analyzed.The results show that:(1)The correlation be-tween vegetation coverage and each meteorological index was,in turm,that of evapotranspiration in the third quarter>,the temperature in the second quarter>,the temperature in the third quarter>,the rainfall in the third quarter>,the temperature in the first quarter(P<0.05),and the temperature in the fourth quarter and the evapotranspiration in the first quarter were negatively correlated and positively correlated with other meteorologi-cal factors;Vegetation coverage varies with the synergetic change of evapotranspiration and temperature in the third quarter,and is also influenced by the evapotranspiration in the second quarter and rainfall in the third quarter.Grassland biomass was significantly correlated with rainfall in the second quarter,temperature in the third quarter and evapotranspiration in the second quarter(P<0.05),and had a low correlation with other mete-orological factors;Grassland biomass accumulation was affected by rainfall in the second quarter and tempera-ture in the third quarter.(2)The soil temperature in the study area was the highest from may to August,and the soil moisture mainly concentrated in June to September,which was consistent with the growing season of vegeta-tion;Different depth of soil moisture content in the 40~80 cm high,30 cm soil temperature up to 20.41℃,to 30 cm in diminishing at both ends for the peak.