“经济人”的社会性——对瓦尔拉斯范式经济学的反思

The Sociality of “Economic Man”:Reflections on Walrasian Paradigm Economics

本文从个体的“社会性”出发,结合行为和演化范式经济学的当代思想和证据,反思建立在“经济人”假设上的瓦尔拉斯范式经济学体系。社会性是对个体理性的限制,这种限制使得个体有可能偏离物质利益最大化,但是却使得社会合作秩序成为可能。若个体完全理性,反倒有可能摧毁社会秩序;完全由“经济人”组成的市场经济并不能良好运行,或者可能陷入低效率均衡。个体的社会性,使得经济学有必要从关注“市场”一个维度向“市场-政府-社会”三维政治经济学转变,从关注经济均衡转向关注社会均衡。而防止社会失衡,使得主流经济学所忽视的“不平等”将成为“市场-政府-社会”三维政治经济学关注的中心的问题之一。

Starting from the “sociality” of individuals, this article combines contemporary thoughts and evidences from behavioral and evolutionary paradigm economics, and reflects on the Walrasian paradigm economics based on the assumption of “economic man”.Sociality restricts individual rationality.This restriction makes it possible for individuals to deviate from the maximization of material benefits, thus it makes social cooperation order possible.If individuals are completely rational, the social order may be destroyed;a market economy composed entirely of “economic man” can not run well, or may fall into an inefficient equilibrium.The sociality of individuals makes it necessary for economics to shift from focusing on only the “market” dimension to the “market-government-society” three-dimensional political economy, and from focusing on economic equilibrium to social equilibrium.To prevent social imbalances, the “inequality” that mainstream economics ignores should become one of the most central issues of the “market-government-society” three-dimensional political economy.