工业智能化会重塑企业地理格局吗

Will Industrial Intelligence Reshape the Geography of Companies

已有文献多数关注人工智能技术及其对劳动就业的影响,却普遍忽视了人工智能技术是否会改变企业空间分布,即智能化情境中企业地理格局的演变问题。本文运用天眼查微观企业数据,结合网络爬虫技术和文本抓取等方法获取的数据,考察了工业智能化情境中制造业企业分布的空间演变特征,检验了工业智能化的企业地理格局重塑效应及其影响机制。结果表明:工业智能化对制造业企业分布存在选择性偏向,能激励人工智能企业集聚而使传统企业分散,在稳健性检验和内生性处理后结果依然稳健。机制检验表明,工业智能化主要通过调整要素配置结构和提升生产率方式重塑企业的地理格局;在智能化环境中,企业的地理格局往往由大规模企业主导,工业智能化可能会使企业“强者愈强,弱者愈弱”,即形成规模效应;智能企业空间分布演变有别于传统梯度转移或雁阵模式,呈现向京津冀和长三角城市群迁移的特征;在更高的人力资本水平以及市场化程度环境中,工业智能化的经济地理格局重塑效应更为显著。

While most of the literature has focused on artificial intelligence technology and its impact on labour employment,but generally ignores whether AI technology will change the spatial distribution of companies,i.e.,the evolution of the economic geography of companies in an intelligent context.In this paper,we examine the spatial evolution of manufacturing companies’distribution in the context of industrial intelligence by using the micro-company data of Tian-Yancha,combined with web crawler technology and text crawling,and examine the effect of industrial intelligence on the reshaping of companies’geography and its influence mechanism.The results show that there is a selective bias of industrial intelligence on the distribution of manufacturing companies,which can stimulate the concentration of AI companies and disperse traditional companies,and the results are still robust after the robustness test and endogeneity treatment.The mechanism test shows that industrial intelligence reshapes the economic geography mainly by adjusting the factor allocation structure and improving productivity.The economic geography of companies in an intelligent environment is often dominated by large-scale companies,and industrial intelligence may make companies“the stronger the stronger,the weaker the weaker”,i.e.forming a scale effect.The spatial distribution of AI companies evolves differently from the traditional gradient shift or flying geese mode,showing the characteristics of migration to Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and the Yangtze River Delta areas;and the economic geography reshaping effect of industrial intelligence is more significant in the higher level of human capital and the degree of marketization.