平台经济下的劳动就业和收入分配:变化趋势与政策应对

Platform Economy,Labor Market,and Income Distribution:Recent Trend and Policy Options

平台经济促使工作性质出现了从线下到线上、从固定到灵活、从单一到多元等方面的转变,使得依赖平台从事零工工作的新就业形态劳动者占比上升,在全球范围内引发了劳动力市场的结构性变革。分析表明,数字技术的进步,促进了生产工序的分解、分包以及相关经济主体承担的工作任务的重新组合,引发了生产活动去公司化、去组织化的趋势,使得传统的雇员工作被零工等新就业形态所取代,导致劳资关系发生了重要变化。本文建议以去公司化、将保险保障与劳动关系解绑的思路解决劳动者权益保障问题,积极探索新的服务模式,建立起适用于平台经济发展的劳动者权益保护网,适应技术进步的变革。在鼓励平台经济创新发展的同时,应完善弱势群体的保障体系,加大一般意义上的收入分配调节手段的力度,让发展的红利惠及受损群体。

The development of platform economy has speeded up the change of the nature of work,from human labor to automation,from off-line to online,from fixed arrangement to flexible employment,and from single-employer to multiple employers.The proportion of gig workers who belong to the new employment category in the labor force has increased,bringing a structural change in the labor markets around the world.Analyses suggest that digital technology has caused the division of production process,outsourcing,and the re-structuring of work tasks,leading to a trend of"dis-organization".Traditional employee jobs are being replaced by new types of employment,so that employer-employee relationship has experienced important changes.This article suggests that the challenge of labor protection and worker welfare should be solved with the unbundling of employer-employee relationship.New types of social security should be explored and a broader labor protection network should be established to accommodate the technology advancement.While innovation and development of platform economy should be encouraged,the social safety network for vulnerable groups should be improved,income re-distribution methods in a general sense should be strengthened,so that the development dividends could benefit those whose interests have been jeopardized in the structural reform.