宪法功能转型的社会机理与中国模式

Social Logic and Chinese Model of Constitutional Function Transformation

宪法的传统功能在于调整国家与个体两极的关系,市民社会内部的关系主要由私法处理。社会复杂性的提升导致市民社会内部出现冲突和分化,需要通过国家调控解决市民社会内部的问题,宪法的功能因之发生转型。中西宪法在现代复杂社会中面临相似的时代任务,即实现国家建构、社会秩序和个体自由的内在融合,妥善处理国家、社会、个体三者之间的立体关系。面对自由主义的社会危机和福利国家的发展瓶颈,新的国家治理模式在西方社会迟迟未能建立。中国则经历了从传统社会主义向中国特色社会主义的变迁,以社会主义、政治整合、社会本位的基本权利体系为依托,形成了独具特色的宪法秩序,不仅有效完成了国家建构、社会调控和个体保护的三重任务,也为世界宪法的发展贡献了中国方案。

The traditional function of constitution is to adjust the relationship between the state and the individual, while the relationship within civil society is mainly regulated by private law. The increasing social complexity leads to conflicts and divisions within the civil society that need to be solved by state regulation. As a result, the function of the constitution is transformed. In modern complex society, Chinese and Western constitutions face similar tasks, that is, to realize the internal integration of state construction, social order and individual freedom, and to properly handle the three-dimensional relations among the state, society and the individual. Faced with the social crisis of liberalism and the development bottleneck of welfare states, the new state governance model has not been established in western society. China has experienced the evolution from traditional socialism to socialism with Chinese characteristics, and based on socialism, political integration, and socially oriented basic rights, established a unique constitutional order, thereby not only effectively completing the triple task of national construction, social control and protection of the individual, but also contributing to the constitutional development in the world.