改革型地方立法变通机制的反思与重构

Reflections on and Reconstruction of Reform-oriented Local Legislative Adaption Mechanism

在过去四十多年的改革与法治实践中,改革型地方立法变通机制发挥了重要的先行试验作用。随着此种立法变通机制的不断发展,其与国家法制统一原则之间的张力有可能进一步加剧。改革型地方立法变通受到法制统一、平等和单一制等宪法原则的约束。宪法原则具有适用上的弹性,只有在宪法权衡中才能对变通机制予以准确评价。比例原则是反思和重构改革型地方立法变通机制的重要支点。改革型地方立法变通机制应服务于改革之目的,并在手段上保持适当性、必要性与均衡性。在全面依法治国的新时代,必须在比例权衡中增加法制统一的分量。按照习近平法治思想中重大改革于法有据的要求,应对改革型地方立法变通增设必要限制,并协同各种改革授权机制的功能,促进改革与法治的良性互动。

The reform-oriented local legislative adaption mechanism has played an important pilot role in the past 40 years of reform and rule of law practice in China. With its continuous development, the tension between this mechanism and the principle of unity of national legal system may further intensify and needs to be effectively mitigated. Reform-oriented local legislative adaption is constrained by constitutional principles such as legal unity, equality and unitary system. As optimization requirements, constitutional principles are flexible in application. Therefore, only in the constitutional balance can the adaption mechanism be accurately evaluated. The proportionality principle is an important fulcrum in the reflections on and reconstruction of the adaption mechanism. The reform-oriented local legislative adaption mechanism should serve the reform purpose, and maintain the appropriateness, necessity and proportionality(in the narrow sense) in its means. In the new era of comprehensive law-based governance, the weight of legal unity must be increased in the balance. According to the requirement that “important reforms should be based on law”, put forward in Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, it’s necessary to impose necessary restrictions on local legislative adaption and coordinate the functions of various reform authorization mechanisms, so as to promote the positive interaction between reform and the rule of law.