大数据时代信息伦理的挑战与反思——以马克思主义权利观为视角

Challenges and Reflections on Information Ethics in the Age of Big Data from the Perspective of Marxist Rights Theory

大数据时代带来信息共享便利的同时,也产生了伦理的失范与无序。权利自启蒙运动以来成为现代伦理体系的基础,亦是建构信息伦理的基石,解决当下信息伦理问题亟须建构规范信息社会的权利秩序。功利主义和自由主义之权利观对于个人权利的理解均有偏差,脱离了社会关系抑或是社会和个人的联系是无法保证个人权利实现的。马克思主义权利观从“现实的人”出发,坚持人的自由全面发展和社会自由发展的结合,强调在厘清权利和义务辩证关系的前提下,以内容和形式上的某种不平等保障个人自由发展的权利,从而实现实质上的平等。在社会差异性逐渐扩大的大数据时代,从马克思主义权利观出发建构信息伦理既要实现社会发展对个人发展的保障,又要实现个人发展对社会发展的促进,从而解决社会效益和个人权益之间的矛盾,形成个人发展和社会进步的统一协调的和谐状态。

While the era of big data has brought us convenience in information sharing,it has also produced anomie and disorder of ethics.Since the enlightenment movement,right has become the foundation of modern ethics system,and also the cornerstone of information ethics.To solve the current problems of information ethics,it is urgent to construct the right order of standardizing the information society.Both utilitarianism and liberalism have different understandings of individual rights.It is impossible to guarantee the realization of individual rights if they are divorced from social relations or the connection between society and individuals.Starting from the“real man”,the Marxist view of rights adheres to the combination of man’s all-round free development and social free development,and emphasizes that under the premise of clarifying the dialectical relationship between rights and obligations,some inequality in content and form should be used to guarantee the right of individual free development,so as to realize the equality in essence.In the era of big data with the gradual expansion of social differences,the construction of information ethics from the Marxist concept of rights should not only realize the feedback of social development on individual development,but also realize the promotion of individual development on social development,so as to solve the contradiction between social benefits and individual rights and interests,and form a unified and harmonious state of individual development and social progress.