类型学视角下的“同乡同业”与乡村振兴

“Fellow Countrymen”and Rural Revitalization from the Perspective of Typology

现代语境中的“同乡同业”尽管与城镇化有着莫大的关联,更多体现了对“城”的影响,但在乡村振兴的今天其对“乡”的作用也日益被重视。从类型研究视角将“同乡同业”按照一定的标准分为“聚集生产”型、“聚集消费”型、“分散消费”型和“分散生产”型四种。不同类型的“同乡同业”对乡村振兴的作用机制不同。“聚集生产”型往往通过在地特色产业、人才的回流等推动乡村振兴。“聚集消费”型更多是通过回乡消费或者向家乡捐款、资助等形式贡献于乡村。“分散生产”和“分散消费”型则结合了上述两种类型的作用,其在外发展的状况使得其对乡村振兴的作用机制与“聚集消费”型相似;而其创立在地品牌、在家乡开拓原始产业形态的状况又使其具备与“聚集生产”型相似的作用机制。不同类型“同乡同业”要想充分发挥其对乡村振兴的作用,政府的引导机制将会有所不同。

In the modern context,“fellow countrymen”is closely related to urbanization,reflecting the influence on the“city”.However,in today’s rural revitalization,its role in the“township”is increasingly valued.From the perspective of type research,the“fellow countrymen”can be divided into“aggregation production”,“aggregation consumption”,“decentralization consumption”and“decentralization production”.Different types of“fellow countrymen”have different mechanisms on rural revitalization.The“gathering production”type often promotes rural revitalization through the characteristic industries in real estate and the return of talents.The“gathering consumption”type contributes to the rural areas through returning to their hometown for consumption or donating to their hometown.“Decentralized production”and“decentralized consumption”combine the above two types of functions,and their external development makes the mechanism of rural revitalization similar to that of“agglomeration consumption”.However,their establishment of local brands and development of original industrial forms in their hometown make them similar in mechanism to“agglomeration production”.Therefore,if different types of“fellow villagers”want to give full play to their roles in rural revitalization,the guiding mechanism of the government will be different.