从普遍到特殊:民族政策功能及其作用机制析论

FROM UNIVERSAL TO SPECIAL:AN ANALYSIS OF THE FUNC⁃TION AND MECHANISM OF ETHNIC POLICY

民族事务与民族政策呈现“双轮”结构,民族事务诉诸民族政策表达诉求,民族政策在回应民族事务诉求的同时发挥价值导向、关系调控与利益分配功能。在两者的交互关系中,民族政策作用机制得以形成。由“双轮”结构衍生的“双轮模型”为理解优化民族政策作用机制提供分析框架。可以从“民族政策侧”与“民族事务侧”优化民族政策作用机制;同时,以回应性和有效性作为评价标准,可以把民族政策作用机制划分为四种类型。怎样在现实约束条件下,用最低程度的政策回应性达到最高程度的政策有效性,是民族政策作用机制优化的目标。

Ethnic affairs and ethnic policies present a "two-wheel" structure. Ethnic affairs appeal to ethnic policies to express their demands, and ethnic policies play the functions of value orientation, relationship regulation, and benefit distribution while responding to the demands of ethnicaffairs. In the interactive relationship between the two, the mechanism of ethnic policy is formed.The "two-wheel model" derived from the "two-wheel" structure provides an analytical framework forunderstanding the mechanism of optimizing ethnic policies. The functional mechanism of ethnic policy can be optimized from "ethnic policy side" and "ethnic affairs side". At the same time, with responsiveness and effectiveness as the evaluation criteria, the action mechanism of ethnic policy canbe divided into four types. How to achieve the highest degree of policy effectiveness with the lowest degree of policy responsiveness under realistic constraints is the goal of optimizing the mechanism of ethnic policy.