古代方志设立“杂记”的传统及其门类功能与价值

The Tradition of Establishing “Miscellaneous Notes” in Ancient Local Records and Their Categories,Functions and Values

自宋代方志体例定型之初,“杂记”“丛谈”一类门目的设立即已成为普遍惯例。在古代方志中,“杂记”一般被视为“征材之所余”,具有维护志书体例、保存琐碎资料的方志编纂学功能,同时还表现了修志者对各类地方文献的价值判断。“杂记”中保存的街谈巷议、轶事奇闻等内容,具有史学、文学与地域文化等多方面的价值。历代许多修志者在相关的序跋中论述了“杂记”的性质、功能与价值等问题,为我们提供了丰富的理论资料,这在当代方志学的理论建构中有一定的参考意义。

Since the style of local records fell into a pattern in Song Dynasty, the establishment of categories such as “Miscellaneous Notes” and “Collected Talks” has become a popular practice. In ancient local records,“miscellaneous notes” were generally seen as “leftovers of collected reference materials”. In fact, these notes are useful for local records compilation studies, maintaining local records style, preserving fragmentary reference materials, and demonstrating the value judgements of local records compilers on various local documents. The contents preserved in “miscellaneous notes” such as town talks and anecdotal and strange stories are valuable in terms of history, literature, and regional culture. Many local records compilers over the past generations discussed such issues as the nature, functions, and values of the“miscellaneous notes” in prefaces and afterwords to various works, providing us with rich theoretical materials that have certain reference significances in constructing theories of contemporary local records studies.