某地区献血人群乙肝病毒、HIV、梅毒螺旋体检测结果分析

Analysis on detection results of hepatitis B virus,HIV and Treponema Pallidum of blood donors in a certain region

目的研究深圳市龙华区献血人群乙肝病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)、HIV、梅毒螺旋体(Treponema Pallidum,TP)检测结果及分布情况。方法选取深圳市龙华区血站无偿献血者55528人,检测HBsAg、抗-HIV以及抗-TP,另采用核酸扩增技术(nucleic acid amplification testing,NAT)检测HBV核酸并分析。结果深圳市龙华区2015—2019年无偿献血者HBV、HIV和TP合计检出阳性率分别为0.75%、0.75%、0.89%、0.86%和0.90%,不同年份HBV、HIV和TP阳性率比较差异均无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.886、7.403、2.498,P>0.05);男性HIV阳性率(0.13%)高于女性(0.07%)(χ^(2)=5.312,P<0.05);HBV检测阳性率随着年龄增长阳性率升高(χ^(2)=91.860,P<0.05);个体户和服务业HIV阳性率分别为0.26%和0.25%,较农民0.06%(χ^(2)=12.825、13.814,P<0.05)、工人0.05%(χ^(2)=14.942、16.275,P<0.05)和军人0.08%(χ^(2)=4.340、4.379,P<0.05)均明显升高;随着受教育程度增加,无偿献血者HBV阳性率呈明显下降趋势(χ^(2)=14.137,P<0.05);ELISA法和NAT法检测HBV阳性分别为310例(0.56%)和321例(0.58%),两种方法平行检测结果具有明显关联性(Kappa值=0.939,P<0.05);且NAT对HBV阳性检出率优势显著(χ^(2)=7.264,P<0.05)。结论深圳市龙华区献血人群HBV和TP感染较为稳定,HIV感染呈上升趋势;联合应用ELISA和NAT进行检测有利于提升血液检测质量。

Objective To study the detection results and distribution status of hepatitis B virus(HBV),HIV,and Treponema Pallidum(TP)of blood donors in Longhua District,Shenzhen.Methods A total of 55528 unpaid blood donors from Longhua District Blood Station in Shenzhen were selected.The HBsAg,anti-HIV and anti-TP were tested,and nucleic acid amplification testing(NAT)was applied to test and analyze HBV nucleic acid.Results The total positive rate of HBV,HIV and TP detected among unpaid blood donors in Longhua District,Shenzhen from 2015 to 2019 were 0.75%,0.75%,0.89%,0.86%and 0.90%respectively.The differences in the positive rate of HBV,TP and HIV among different years wasn’t statistically significant(χ^(2)=0.886,7.403,2.498,P>0.05);HIV positive rate of males was higher than that of females(0.13%vs 0.07%,χ^(2)=5.312,P<0.05);the positive rate of HBV detected increased with the growth of age(χ^(2)=91.860,P<0.05);HIV positive rate of individual households and service industries was 0.26%and 0.25%respectively,being significantly higher than that of farmers in 0.06%(χ^(2)=12.825,13.814,P<0.05),workers in 0.05%(χ^(2)=14.942,16.275,P<0.05)and soldiers in 0.08%(χ^(2)=4.340,4.379,P<0.05);the positive rate of HBV in unpaid blood donors significantly decreased(χ^(2)=14.137,P<0.05)with the increase of education level;310 cases(0.56%)and 321 cases(0.58%)of positive HBV were detected by ELISA and NAT respectively,and the parallel testings results of two methods were significantly correlated(Kappa value=0.939,P<0.05),and NAT showed significant advantage in the positive detection rate of HBV(χ^(2)=7.264,P<0.05).Conclusion The infections of HBV and TP are relatively stable among blood donors in Longhua District,Shenzhen,HIV infection is on the rise,and the combined test of ELISA and NAT helps to improve the quality of blood testing.