对西方逻辑传入背景下中国逻辑研究的再反思

New Reflections on the Study of Chinese Logic in the Context of the Spread of Western Logic in China

反思近代中国逻辑研究是国内外学界普遍关注的一个问题。西方逻辑是伴随西方知识体系在中国的传播而传入的,体现了西方文化的本质特征。虽然对中国逻辑研究启蒙阶段产生影响的西方逻辑并不是完整意义上的西方逻辑,但以西方传统逻辑体系为框架整理和研究中国逻辑成为当时的基本研究模式,其影响一直持续到今天。中国逻辑研究在中西文化从冲突到融合的过程中起到了媒介作用。在重建当代中国知识体系的背景下,学界需要进一步拓展逻辑观念、建立方法体系,挖掘对中国哲学与知识体系起到支撑作用的中国逻辑。

Reflecting on the modern study of Chinese logic is a popular activity among scholars both in China and abroad,and they have carried out a number of multi-angle research projects on this issue with a large number of their enlightening research results already having been published. The spread of Western logic in China essentially mirrors the spread of foreign culture in China. The Western logic as it was introduced into China shows the essential characteristics of Western culture. While spreading new knowledge,it has also introduced Western values and ways of thinking,including Western knowledge systems.The enlightenment stage of the study on Chinese logic was inspired by Western logic,but not by Western logic in its full sense. However,the arrangement and study of Chinese logic based on the framework of traditional Western logic systems became the basic research mode at that time,and the influence of this mode continues even today. The Western logic introduced into modern China is not precisely a scientific system,but rather a teaching system or even a textbook system, which cannot fully reflect the unique theoretical characteristics of Western logic itself. In spite of this,the study of Chinese logic played a mediating role in the process where Chinese and Western cultures transitioned from conflict toward integration. Within Chinese culture,Chinese logic inherits the pre-Qin philosophy and its knowledge systems,and then extends to the whole of traditional Chinese philosophy and its knowledge systems. It connects with Western logic externally,and then extends to modern Western philosophy and its knowledge systems,becoming a bridge that connects Chinese and Western cultures. Indeed,with the help of the study of Chinese logic,Chinese people can relatively easily accept not only Western logic,but also Western philosophy and its knowledge systems. In this way,it plays a positive role in promoting the spread and development of modern Western culture in China.Chinese logic is founded on traditional Chinese thought,and it is a part of Chinese traditional culture. As an academic system of thought,Chinese logic appears in the form of cognitive methods. As a methodological tool,Chinese logic embodies the method of Chinese philosophy which has universality. As a philosophical system of thought,Chinese logic is related to Chinese philosophies as Western logic is related to Western philosophies. In each case,logic plays a demonstrative role. As a type of philosophical thought,it embodies the basic concepts and thinking modes of traditional Chinese philosophy. Chinese logic is an academic,philosophical,and cultural system of thought. These three characters are interrelated. Therefore,it is necessary to understand the ideological characteristics of Chinese logic and analyze the internal relationship between Chinese logic and Chinese philosophy according to the characteristics of Chinese traditional culture and philosophy.Although the practice of comparatively studying Chinese logic and Western logic plays a positive role in spreading Western logic and exploring Chinese logic,there are still limitations inherent in this research method that prevent a comprehensive understanding of Chinese logic. Given the current efforts at reconstructing contemporary China’s knowledge system,it is necessary to further expand our conception of logic,to establish a methodological system, and to extract the Chinese logic that undergirds Chinese philosophy and its knowledge system.