外包与流转:作业服务规模化是否延缓农地经营规模化——基于要素约束缓解与地租上涨的视角

Agricultural Production Services and Land Transfer:Whether Service Scale Management Postpones Land Scale Management?AnAnalysis from the Perspectives of Factor Constraint Mitigation Effect and Land Rent Rise Effect

理论上,农业生产环节作业外包服务的要素约束缓解效应会延缓小农户转出农地,但中国农业生产环节作业外包服务市场与农地流转市场均稳步发展的现实,并不支持作业服务规模化会替代农地经营规模化的推断。本文基于江苏、四川和吉林3省265个行政村的3期调查数据,以及来自这些行政村样本农户的2期数据,利用固定效应模型和工具变量法,从村庄农地流转市场和微观农户行为两个层面分析了农业生产环节作业外包服务供给对农地流转的影响。研究发现,作业服务规模化整体上有利于农地经营规模化。农业生产环节作业外包服务发展促使规模经营户增加农地转入、兼业化程度较高的小农户增加农地转出。究其原因,一是农业生产环节作业外包服务供给对规模经营户的要素约束缓解效应比对小农户更明显;二是农业生产环节作业外包服务供给导致农地流转市场供不应求和地租上涨,地租上涨效应对兼业化程度较高的小农户比对兼业化程度较低的小农户更明显。

In theory,agricultural production services can alleviate factor constraint impact and postpone land rent-out of smallholders.But the steady development of China’s agricultural production services market and land transfer market does not support the inference that large-scale operation services will replace large-scale operation of agricultural land.Based on three periods of survey data collected from 265 administrative villages in Jiangsu,Sichuan and Jilin provinces and two periods of data from sample farmers in these administrative villages,this article uses the fixed effect model and instrumental variable method to analyze the impact of agricultural production services on agricultural land transfer from two aspects of agricultural land transfer market and micro farmers’behavior.The results show that large-scale operation services are generally conducive to large-scale operation of agricultural land as a whole.The development of agricultural production services can promote large-scale households to rent in agricultural land and smallholders with a high degree of part-time employment to rent out agricultural land.The reasons are as follows.Firstly,agricultural production services have a more significant mitigation effect on factor constraints of large-scale farmers.Secondly,it leads to the shortage of agricultural land transfer market and the rise of land rent,which is more significant for smallholderswith a high degreeof part-time employmentthan for smallholders with a low degreeof part-timeemployment.