森林保险保费补贴政策参保激励效应分析——基于异质性营林主体视角

The Incentive Effect of Forest Insurance Premium Subsidy Policy in China:AnAnalysis from the Perspective of Heterogeneous Forest Operators

本文在理论分析营林主体参保机理基础上,以传统小林农与新型林业经营主体两类异质性营林主体为研究对象,结合运用Oprobit模型与Ivoprobit_CMP估计法,实证分析森林保险保费补贴政策的参保激励效应以及两类营林主体的参保激励差异。结果表明:首先,异质性营林主体在不同保额下的参保意愿、补贴政策认知评价及森林保险产品供给评价存在显著差异。其次,森林保险保费补贴政策对小林农和新型林业经营主体均具有参保激励效应,补贴政策认知度与满意度越高,参保激励作用就越强。森林保险产品供给特征,包括保险责任、保障水平、费率及赔付的认知评价等,均为营林主体参保意愿的重要影响因素。最后,保费补贴政策对两类营林主体的参保激励效应存在显著差异,当前“低保障”的补贴政策对小林农的参保激励效应更高。为此,需要在考虑异质性营林主体实际需求基础上,通过科学测算补贴规模、合理设置差异化补贴水平、增强补贴资金指向性进一步增强补贴政策激励效应。

On the basis of theoretical analysis of the insurance participation mechanism of forest management subjects, this article takes as the research object two types of heterogeneous forest management subjects, namely, traditional small forest farmers and new forest management subjects. It uses Oprobit model and Ivoprobit CMP estimation method to empirically analyze the insurance incentive effect of forest insurance premium subsidy policy and the insurance incentive difference between heterogeneous forest management subjects. The results show that, firstly, there are significant differences in the willingness to participate in insurance, the cognitive evaluation of subsidy policy and the supply evaluation of forest insurance products. Secondly, the forest insurance premium subsidy policy has an insurance incentive effect on small forest farmers and new forestry operators. The higher the awareness and satisfaction of the subsidy policy, the stronger the insurance incentive effect. Moreover, the supply characteristics of forest insurance products, including the cognitive evaluation of insurance liability, guarantee level, premium rate and compensation,are important factors affecting forest operators’ willingness to participate in forest insurance. Finally, there are significant differences in the insurance incentive effects of the premium subsidy policy on the two types of forest operators. The current subsidy policy based on “low security” has a higher incentive effect on the insurance participation of traditional small forest farmers. Therefore, on the basis of considering the actual needs of heterogeneous forest operators, we need to further enhance the incentive effect of subsidy policy by scientifically calculating subsidy scale, reasonably identifying differentiated subsidy level and enhancing the directivityof subsidy funds.