整风运动的技术史--以批评与自我批评为中心

The Technical History of the Rectification Movement: Centered on Criticism and Self-criticism

抗日战争时期是中共治理模式及其关联的政治文化发生重大转型的关键期,整风运动在其中扮演着至为重要的角色。此前学界侧重从高层政治(政治史)和个体心灵(心灵史)层面考察整风运动,较少关注沟通两者的制度与技术等中间因素(技术史)。整风运动的推进,有赖于干部教育、干部审查等制度基础,更离不开充分发挥既存批评与自我批评政治文化的效用。经由整风运动的实践,批评与自我批评全面浸入中共政治生活,从处理党内斗争的机制转变为思想改造的利器。正是在组织和个体围绕批评与自我批评而形成的频繁的技术性互动中,思想改造得以触及个体的心灵。

The War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression was a critical period for the important transformation of the CPC's governance mode and its related political cultures,in which the Rectification Movement played an important role.Previously,the academic circles focused on examining the Rectification Movement from the high-level politics(political history)and individual mind(spiritual history),and paid less attention to the intermediate factors(technical history)such as the system and technology of communicating the two.The promotion of the Rectification Movement depended on the institutional basis of cadre education and cadre examination,and gave full play to the utility of the political culture of existing criticism and self-criticism.Through the practice of the Rectification Movement,criticism and self-criticism were fully immersed in the political life of the CPC,changing from a mechanism of dealing with inner-Party struggles to a sharp weapon for ideological transformation.It was in the frequent technical interaction formed by organizations and individuals around criticism and self-criticism that the ideological transformation could touch the individual mind.