农村集体经济组织成员派生之诉当事人适格研究——基于78份裁判文书的实证分析

Research on the Suitability of Litigants Derived From Members of Rural Collective Economic Organizations

通过对78份裁判文书的分析可知,集体成员提起派生诉讼的当事人适格范围存在较大分歧。在实体法上,基于集体利益分配权、管理处分权等成员权,集体成员对侵权人享有损害赔偿请求权,亦为对集体享有监督权的表现。在诉讼法上,诉的利益是集体成员享有诉权的前提,诉讼担当理论与广义当事人理论亦为其提供了诉权正当性基础。为保证集体成员的代表性与正当性,适格原告应受成员资格、起诉成员占比及主观动机的限制,结合派生诉讼的功能与农村集体的特点,适格被告应包括集体组织及集体组织不愿起诉的侵权人。

Through the analysis of 78 court judgments,it can be seen that there are great differences in qualification of litigants to the derivative lawsuits.In the substantive law,members’right of action is based on the distribution of collective interests,the decentralization of managing power and the right of supervision.In the procedural law,the interests of action,the theory of litigation responsibility and of generalized parties provide the basis for the legitimacy of the right to action.In order to ensure the representativeness and legitimacy of collective members,qualified plaintiffs should be limited by membership,the proportion of suing members and subjective motives.Combining the function of derivative litigation,qualified defendants should include collective organizations and tortfeasors whomthe collective organizationsare unwilling to sue.