成为“当家人”:20世纪50年代西南农村一位基层女劳模的生命历程研究

Becoming “the Head of the Family”: The Life Course of a Grassroots Female Model Worker in Rural Southwest China in the 1950s

本文在档案文献基础上呈现了20世纪50年代西南农村一位基层女劳模由“农家木兰”成长为女“当家人”的生命历程。新政权的建立使毛文菊得以走出家庭并参与到乡村社会的再造中。在合作化运动中,毛文菊不仅成功地发动妇女参与生产,而且动员妇女将个人的“小家”纳入集体的“大家”,并成为“大家”的领导者,她因此被称作“当家人”。但是,置身于“小家”与“大家”的内在紧张之中,毛文菊也遭遇了“当家人”的危机。毛文菊的故事呈现的是不同于城市知识女性的农村底层妇女解放和政治参与经验,本研究借此回应贺萧的问题——中国妇女是否有过一场革命。

Based on archival research, this article presents the life course of a grassroots female model worker who grew from a peasant girl to “the head of the family” in rural southwest China in the 1950 s.With the advent of the new regime, Mao Wenju was able to leave her patriarchal family and participate in the re-creation of rural society.During the cooperative movement, she succeeded in not only organizing women to participate in production, but also mobilizing them to integrate their individual “small families” into the collective “large family”.She became the leader of the “large family”,thus known as “the head of the family”.However, thanks to inherent tensions between the “small family” and the “large family”,she suffered from the crisis of being involved in them as “the head of the family”.Her story presents the different experience of rural women’s liberation from that of urban intellectual women, and in turn as a response to Gail Hershatter’s question of whether there was ever a revolution for Chinese women.