喜马拉雅旱獭洞穴结构与功能观察分析

Observation and analysis on burrow structure and function of Marmota himalayana

目的挖解青藏高原玉树藏族自治州喜马拉雅旱獭冬眠洞洞穴,对冬眠洞洞穴的结构与功能进行观察分析。方法用经验分析法踩点确定喜马拉雅旱獭冬眠洞洞穴,GPS定位冬眠洞洞穴位置,将冬眠洞挖解点上层草皮轻轻移到冬眠洞附近,用卷尺对洞口距地面的高度、深度、角度以及洞高、洞宽等进行测量。使用生态保护性挖掘法进行挖掘,从洞口挖起,清空穴内土壤逐渐推进并将土壤放置于洞道旁边,对不同方向的每一个洞道分支做好洞形结构图形及洞道测量、标记、数据记录等。挖掘按上述方法一直进行到主巢穴为止,再将土壤按挖掘顺序填入,整理平整后将草皮轻轻移回原地。结果喜马拉雅旱獭冬眠洞穴可分为老洞和新洞,洞穴结构与功能直接影响到喜马拉雅旱獭的繁殖、家族式群居生活、冬眠以及如何躲避天敌等方面。结论通过对喜马拉雅旱獭洞穴结构与功能的观察分析,掌握旱獭的生活习性及迁徙等生态特点,对探讨鼠疫流行病学具有重要意义。

Objective To excavate and understand the hibernation burrows of Marmota himalayana in Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and to observe and analyze the structure and function of hibernation burrows.Methods Empirical analysis via footprintings was used to determine the hibernation burrows of Marmota himalayana.GPS was used to locate hibernation burrows.The upper sod of the hibernation burrow was gently moved to the vicinity of the hibernation burrow,and a tape measure was used to measure the height,depth,height,width and angle of the burrow from the ground as well as the height and width of burrows.The ecological protective excavation method was used for excavation,the soil in the burrow was emptied and gradually advanced by excavating from the burrow entrance,the soil was placed adjacent to the burrow,and the structure graph,tunnel measurement,marking and data recording of burrows were implement in each tunnel branch and different directions.The excavation was conducted up to the main nest in the above method,the soil was filled in according to the excavation sequence,and then the turf was gently moved back to the original place.Results The hibernation burrows of Marmota himalayana were divided into previously burrows and newly excavated burrows.The structure and function of burrows directly influenced the breeding,gregarious living of families,hibernation and natural enemy avoidance of Marmota himalayana.Conclusion By observing and analyzing the structure and function of burrows of Marmota himalayana,understand the living habits and migration ecology of Marmota himalayana,it is of great significance to explove the plague epidemiology.