2017—2019年青海省市售蔬菜、水果和茶叶中农药残留状况分析

Analysis of pesticide residues in commercial vegetables,fruits and tea in Qinghai Province from 2017 to 2019

目的了解2017—2019年青海省市售蔬菜、水果和茶叶中杀虫剂和杀菌剂的残留状况,为确定监管重点及科学消费提供指引。方法2017—2019年从青海省8个市、州的农贸市场、商店和网店等场所共采集市售蔬菜、水果和茶叶样品458份,按照《国家食品污染和有害因素风险监测工作手册》检测样品中47种杀虫剂和杀菌剂的残留量。结果共监测样品458份,总检出率为39.52%(181/458),超标率为2.62%(12/458)。蔬菜、茶叶和水果的检出率分别为51.72%(90/174)、41.24%(40/97)和27.27%(51/187),超标率分别为5.17%(9/174)、2.06%(2/97)和0.53%(1/187)。农药联合使用率为17.25%(79/458)。杀虫剂中,联苯菊酯检出率最高,为90.63%;杀菌剂中,百菌清检出率最高,为8.88%。超标样品12份,其中1份蔬菜和2份茶叶中检出禁用农药违规使用。结论青海省市售蔬菜和茶叶中杀菌剂残留存在一定安全隐患,水果监测状况较好。应继续加强农药知识教育,加大监测、监管与处罚力度,保障产品质量安全。

Objective To study the insecticides and fungicides residues in vegetables,fruits and tea commercially available in Qinghai Province from 2017 to 2019,and to provide guidelines for formulating supervision focus and scientific consumption.Methods From 2017 to 2019,a total of 458 samples of vegetables,fruits and tea were collected from agricultural markets,shops and online shops in 8 cities and prefectures of Qinghai Province.The residues of 47 insecticides and fungicides in the samples were detected according to the National Handbook for Risk Monitoring of Food Pollution and Harmful Factors.Results A total of 458 samples were monitored,the total detection rate was 39.52%(181/458),and the excessive rate was 2.62%(12/458).The detection rates of vegetables,tea and fruits were 51.72%(90/174),41.24%(40/97)and 27.27%(51/187),respectively,and the excessive rates were 5.17%(9/174),2.06%(2/97)and 0.53%(1/187),respectively.The combined use rate of pesticides was 17.25%(79/458).Among the insecticides,bifenthrin had the highest detection rate(90.63%).Among the fungicides,chlorothalonil had the highest detection rate(8.88%).A total of 12 samples exceeded the standard,and illegal use of prohibited pesticides was detected in 1 vegetable and 2 tea samples.Conclusion The fungicides residues of the commercial vegetables and tea have some potential safety hazards in Qinghai Province,and the monitoring status of fruits is good.Therefore,education on pesticide knowledge should continue to be strengthened,increase monitoring,supervision and punishment to ensure product quality and safety.