石家庄市餐馆就餐者盐与健康相关知识、态度、行为及影响因素研究

Study on knowledge,attitude,behavior and factors of salt and health of restaurant consumers in Shijiazhuang

目的了解石家庄市餐馆就餐者对盐与健康相关知识、态度、行为的现状及其影响因素,为制定减盐防控高血压和慢性病相关政策和健康教育提供依据。方法利用横断面调查研究对石家庄市餐馆就餐者开展盐与健康相关知识、态度和行为问卷调查和体格测量。结果单因素分析,知识方面,受教育程度(F=7.73,P<0.01)、每个月在食品方面的开支占总开支的比例(F=8.40,P<0.01)、参保类型(F=8.30,P<0.01)差异有统计学意义;态度方面,性别(F=5.34,P=0.02)、受教育程度(F=3.88,P<0.01)、就业状态(F=7.52,P<0.01)、参保类型(F=2.38,P=0.04)差异有统计学意义;行为方面,性别(F=14.49,P<0.01)、年龄(F=2.68,P=0.03)、受教育程度(F=4.32,P<0.01)、就业状态(F=3.68,P=0.01)、每个月在食品方面的开支占总开支的比例(F=4.70,P<0.01)、参保类型(F=2.86,P=0.01)差异有统计学意义。经多重线性回归分析,女性、中老年、收入水平高、知识和态度综合得分高人群更能够采取主动减盐措施。结论居民减盐防控高血压知识知晓率较高,对减盐的支持率和行为率均较高,且人群一致性较好,有利于开展健康教育和减盐行为干预。可采取针对性干预措施开展减盐行动,开发低盐菜肴,进一步提高居民主动减盐的行为率。

Objective To provide basis for formulating policies and health education on salt reduction and prevention of hypertension and chronic diseases by understanding current situation and factors of salt related knowledge,attitude and behavior of diners in Shijiazhuang.Methods The cross-sectional survey was used to conduct questionnaire surveys and physical measurement on knowledge,attitude and behavior of diners related to salt and health in Shijiazhuang.Results The univariate analysis on knowledge showed that differences in the education level(F=7.73,P<0.01),proportion of monthly expenditure on food in the total expenditure(F=8.40,P<0.01),and the type of insurance covered(F=8.30,P<0.01)were statistically significant;the differences in the gender(F=5.34,P=0.02),education level(F=3.88,P<0.01),employment status(F=7.52,P<0.01)and type of insurance(F=2.38,P=0.04)in terms of attitude were statistically significant;the differences in the gender(F=14.49,P<0.01),age(F=2.68,P=0.03),education level(F=4.32,P<0.01),employment status(F=3.68,P=0.01)and proportion of monthly expenditure on food in total expenditure(F=4.70,P<0.01),type of insurance covered(F=2.86,P=0.01)in terms of behaviors were statistically significant.Women,middle-aged and elderly people,people with high income level,and people with high comprehensive scores of knowledge and attitude were found to be more likely to take active measures to reduce salt in the analysis of multiple linear regression.Conclusion The residents are confirmed to have higher awareness rate on the salt reduction for hypertension prevention and control,greater support rate on the salt reduction and behavior rate,and the population consistency is good,making for health education and behavioral intervention of salt reduction.Targeted intervention measures are advised to be taken to implement the salt reduction action and development of low-salt dishes,and further improve active reduction of salt behavior rate of residents.