广州市休市措施对禽类市场H7N9病毒净化效果研究

Research on cleaning effects of Guangzhou marketplace closing measure on H7N9 virus spreading on poultry marketplace

目的分析广州市休市前后22轮环境监测结果,评价休市措施对禽类市场H7N9禽流感病毒污染的影响,为政府今后调整休市措施提供依据。方法2017年2月15日—3月8日对广州市18个市场每日采集5份标本,使用RT-PCR检测环境标本中的通用A流感核酸,若阳性再进行H7检测分型,对不同阶段、不同部位的H7阳性标本做线性相关卡方检验,用多重线性回归分析不同时间、不同清洁程度对禽类市场阳性率的主效应和交互效应。结果休市评估共采集标本1980份,休市期间H7市场阳性率与标本阳性率均呈下降趋势(χ^(2)=45.09,P<0.01)。休市第10天,H7阳性率已降为0%。休市前禽肉涂抹及冰箱内壁阳性率为60.00%,复市后脱毛机内壁(χ^(2)=12.44,P<0.01)、砧板/刀具(χ^(2)=4.96,P<0.05)及饮水槽与饲料槽(χ^(2)=10.82,P<0.01)呈上升趋势。不同日期、不同清洁度禽类市场的H7N9禽流感病毒污染率存在交互作用,差异有统计学意义(Waldχ^(2)=26.01,P<0.01)。结论休市对降低禽类市场病毒污染率有效,尤其清洁度高的市场,砧板/刀具、脱毛机及饮水槽/饲料槽是清洗消毒的重点部位。每月1天休市对禽流感净化效果有限,今后应提高市民人禽流感的防病健康素养水平,降低感染风险。

Objective To analyze the results of 22 environmental surveillance of H7 N9 before and after the day of marketplace closing in Guangzhou,to evaluate the effects of marketplace closing on viral contamination of H7 N9,and to provide the basis for regulation of the government on the marketplace closing measure.Methods Five specimens from 18 marketplaces in Guangzhou were collected daily from February 15,to March 8,2017,RT-PCR was used to test general nucleic acid of influenza,and if it was positive,H7 typing testing was implemented.Linearly dependent chi-square test was used to analyze H7 positive specimens at difference site during different time,and the multiple linear regression was used to test the main effect and interaction effect on the positive rate of poultry marketplace by different degrees of cleanliness duration different times.Results A total of 1980 specimens were collected and tested during marketplace closing,both market-related positive rate and specimen-related positive rate of H7 show downward trend(χ^(2)=45.09,P<0.01).The positive rate of H7 had decreased to 0%at the tenth day of marketplace closing,the positive rate of poultry meat and the inner walls of refrigerators hit 60.00%before the day of marketplace closing,the positive rate of H7 on the inner wall of the depilator(χ^(2)=12.44,P<0.01),cutting board/cutter(χ^(2)=4.96,P<0.05),water trough and feed trough(χ^(2)=10.82,P<0.01)showed rising trend after the market resumed.The pollution rate between H7 N9 avian influenza viruses in the poultry marketplaces at different levels of cleanliness on different dates was found to be interactive,and the differences were statistically significant.(Waldχ^(2)=26.01,P<0.01).Conclusion The marketplace closing is effective to control the contamination of poultry marketplace,especially for marketplace with good cleanliness,the cutting board and knife,depilator,water trough and feed trough are considered to be key sites for cleaning and disinfection.The cleaning effects of one-day marketplace closing monthly on the avian influenza are limited,the health literacy level of citizens on human avian influenza on the disease prevention should be enhanced in the future,and the infection risk should be lowered.