2015—2019年北京市丰台区手足口病聚集性疫情流行病学及病原特征分析

Epidemiological and etiological characteristics of cluster outbreaks of hand- foot-mouth disease in Fengtai District, Beijing from 2015 to 2019

目的了解2015—2019年北京市丰台区手足口病聚集性疫情流行病学及病原学特征,探讨有效的预防控制措施。方法通过"中国疾病监测信息报告管理系统""北京市丰台区手足口病聚集性疫情、病原监测数据库"收集2015—2019年北京市丰台区手足口病聚集性疫情信息和病原学监测数据,采用描述性分析方法进行分析。结果 2015—2019年北京市丰台区共报告手足口病聚集性疫情507起,涉及病例1 592例。时间分布具有明显的季节性,呈双峰分布。发生场所主要为托幼机构(336起,占66.27%);发病居前3位的街道分别为花乡(72起,占14.20%)、马家堡街道(49起,占9.66%)和卢沟桥街道(47起,占9.27%);病例年龄分布以0~5岁儿童为主(1 388例,占87.19%);职业分布以托幼儿童为主(1 268例,占79.65%)。病原分布情况:病原检测阳性聚集性疫情病原型别分布主要以Cox A6为主(89起,占37.71%),年份分布(Fisher确切概率法,P<0.01)和季节分布(Fisher确切概率法,P<0.01)差异均有统计学意义。结论手足口病聚集性疫情时间分布呈双峰分布,托幼儿童为高发人群;聚集性疫情病原型别各年分布不同,季节分布也不同,多集中发生于夏季,主要病原体为Cox A6。

Objective To understand the epidemiological and pathogenic characteristics of the cluster outbreaks of hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD) in Fengtai District, Beijing from 2015 to 2019,and to explore effective preventive and control measures.Methods The epidemic information was collected through the “China Disease Surveillance Information Report Management System” and Beijing Fengtai District HFMD cluster epidemic and pathogen surveillance database from 2015 to 2019,and the statistical analysis was performed by descriptive.Results A total of 507 cases of HFMD outbreaks involving 1 592 cases were reported in Fengtai District from 2015 to 2019.The temproal distribution of cluster outbreaks was distinctly seasonal, with a bimodal distribution.The main sites of concentrated outbreaks were childcare institutions(336 cases, 66.27%).The top three streets in the outbreak were Huaxiang(72 cases, 14.20%),Majiapu Street(49 cases, 9.66%) and Marco Polo Bridge Street(47 cases, 9.27%).The age distribution of the clustered outbreaks cases was dominated by children aged 0-5(1 388 cases, 87.19%);the occupational distribution was dominated by children in childcare(1 268 cases, 79.65%).Distribution of pathogens: the distribution of pathogenic types in clusters of positive was mainly Cox A6(89 cases, 37.71%).The differences in the yearly(Fisher exact probability methods, P<0.01) and seasonal(Fisher exact probability method, P<0.01) distributions of pathogen types of cluster outbreaks were ststistically significant.Conclusion The temporal distribution of HFMD clusters bimodal, with children in childcare being the highest incidence group.The distribution of the cluster epidemic type varies from year to year seasonal distribution is also different, mostly concentrated in summer, with Cox A6 as the main pathogen.