汉语“鼻”字读音来源及相关问题

Studies of"鼻Bi"Tones Origin and Evolved Reasons in Chinese

汉语“鼻”有平、去、入三个声调,去声为文献记载的读音;平声出现于唐五代时期的音译词“阿鼻”;“鼻”在闽粤客赣湘徽等南方方言中读去声为主;吴语、江淮与西南官话中读入声;北方官话大部分地区读阳平;晋语读入声调。上古以后“鼻”入声的读音,是因舒声促化而产生的;中古以后平声的读音,从这个入声音演变而来。

There are level and falling and entering tones sounds of"鼻Bi"in the Chinese historical documents and contemporary dialects.The falling tone of"Bi"was a long sound time from the old Chinese to the middle and contemporary Chinese.The level tone sound of"Bi"was emerged in Tang and Five Dynasties,and only used in a Chinese Sutra word translated from Sanskrit word"avi-ci".And the entering tone sound of"Bi"was found in some rhyming verses and some famous notes in Song Dynasty.The sounds of"Bi"were pronounced the Yan gtze River as the northsouth dividing line.The falling tones of"Bi"were sounded in Min,Cantonese,Pinghua,Hakka,Gan,Xiang and Hui dialects in the southern area of Yangtze River,and the entering tones of"Bi"were sounded in Wu dialect,Jianghuai and Xinan Mandarins along the Yangtze River region,and the second level tones were sounded in most north-em Mandarin areas,and the entering tones of"Bi"were sounds in Jin dialects,in Wu and Jin dialects the entering tone sounds of"Bi"were shortened from the falling tones and the level tones were resulted from the entering tones following the evolution path.