《经典释文》中“听”的音义匹配关系

The Matching Relationship Between Phonetics and Semantics of 听(ting) in Jingdian Shiwen

“听”的平声音和去声音在各大韵书中的音义匹配关系较为混乱,需要厘清。通过比较中古韵书、佛典音义、现代汉语方言的情况,结合《经典释文》注音实例可知,“听”的平去二声按“听”的结果是否符合动作发出者主观意愿,分别匹配“聆听、听从”“听凭服从”两类义项,“如字”代表平声音。“治理、审问”义平去皆可。与敦煌残卷比较可以看出今本《释文》中的“如字”可能受到后人改窜,所以《尚书音义》中与全书注音矛盾的“听”之“如字”首音也可能不是陆德明原作。

This study aims to clarify the confusing matching relationship between phonetics and Semantics of"听(ting)"in the major rhyme books.By comparing the use of rhyme in medieval rhyme books,Buddhist phonetics and modern Chinese dialect,simultaneously by comparing the examples in Jingdian Shiwen,The two sounds of"听(ting)"matched the three meanings of"listening","to comply with"and"obey"respectively according to whether the result of"听(ting)"met the subjective will of the subject."如字(ruzi)"means level tone.When"听(ting)"means uto governM,both pronunciations are possible.The character"如字(ruzi)n in the Shangshu Yingyi is not Lu Deming's original.