汉译佛经中“等”的特殊用法、性质及其来源

The Special Usage,Nature and Source of"Deng(等)"in Chinese Buddhist Scriptures

汉译佛经中“等”的特殊用法表现在:能于代词(包括人称代词和指示代词)之后表复数,能于指人名词、动植物名词和无生命名词之后表复数,能于“诸+名词”和“确数词+名词”结构之后表复数,并以此与表单数的代词、名词相区别。文章进一步论证了以上用法中“等”的性质是复数词尾,并通过梵汉对勘证明了“等”这一新语法功能的产生是语言接触的产物。“非生命体名词+等”这一形式未被汉语所继承,是由汉语自身性质所决定的。其单、复数形式对立观念对汉语产生了一定的影响。

The special usage of"Derrg(等)"in Chinese Buddhist scriptures is shown in the following aspects:it can expresses the plural meaning by attaching to the pronoun(both personal pronoun and demonstrative pronoun)and nouns refeiring to people,animals and plants,and inanimate objects;it also can be used to represent the plural after the"Z/iu(诸)+nounM and u exact quantity+nounn constructions.And these show the difference with singular pronoun or noun,in addition,it demonstrates that the nature of the"Deng(等)"is the plural suffix.Finally,the article shows that the source of the plural suffixes"Deng(等)"is the production of language contact by Sanskrit-Chinese comparative analysis.The plural form of"inanimate nouns+Deng(等)"has not been inherited by Chinese,which is determined by the nature of Chinese,but the opposing concepts of single and plural form have some influence on Chinese.