论《德意志意识形态》中的类概念

On the Concept of Species in German Ideology

马克思曾在《德意志意识形态》中用“类”概念揭示人本质。学界对这个概念评价不一:广松涉认为,青年马克思的“类”概念停留于青年黑格尔派的水准,《德意志意识形态》标志着马克思从异化论逻辑向物象化论逻辑的飞跃;而望月清司认为青年马克思对人的本质的理解早就超越了以往哲学,既克服了“类”的抽象性,又沿袭了“类”之普遍性视角。实际上,经马克思改造后的“类”概念充分体现在《德意志意识形态》的分工理论中,一方面,马克思借助异化的具体化,克服了青年黑格尔派的抽象“类”概念;另一方面,马克思在继承黑格尔“类”哲学结构之实体性的基础上,开拓出对人本质认识的新视域。

In the German Ideology,Marx discusses human essence through the concept of Species.Scholars’opinions vary from each other in this theme:Hiromatsu Wataru pointed out that young Marx’s concept of Species stayed at the level of young Hegelians,and Marx replaced the concept of alienation with reification in the German.Ideology.However,Mochizuki Seiji thought that Marx’s stipulation of human essence can not only overcome the abstraction of Species,but also follow the universal perspective of Species.In fact,Marx’s definition of Species is in the theory of division of labor in the German Ideology.On the one hand,Marx overcomes the abstract concept of Species from young Hegelians by means of the concretization of Alienation.On the other hand,Marx opens a new perspective on the understanding of human essence,based on inheriting the substantive structure of Hegel’s philosophy of Species.