基于市民生活行为学的交通行为研究综述

Overview of Life-oriented Travel Behavior Research

对交通行为的研究应该打破传统研究方法,转向基于市民生活行为学(狭义:生活导向型方法论)的研究方法。市民生活行为学侧重于考量生活选择之间的相互依存关系,不仅主张交通行为是各种生活选择的结果,也主张生活选择受交通行为的影响。这些主张既有理论基础也有实证依据,因此,涉及市民生活的各种决策需要不同部门的沟通与合作,这种沟通与合作需要有共同语言。市民生活行为学既为跨部门交通规划与管理提供全新的理论,也是服务于跨部门城市与区域政策(公共政策)的全新理论。市民生活行为学作为跨学科的理论体系,有望成为支持跨部门决策的通用语言。本文首先介绍市民生活行为学及其在交通行为研究的应用。其次,针对生活方式、汽车依赖、家庭能源消耗、信息通信技术与生活、健康与生活选择、旅游行为、老年人出行、年轻人风险行为、自然灾害应对及生涯流动在内的10个与交通行为密不可分的热点话题,介绍了基于市民生活行为学的交通行为研究进展。最后,提出基于市民生活行为学的交通行为研究的挑战与展望。

The research on travel behavior should make a paradigm shift from traditional approaches to the life-oriented approach supporting the interdependence of life choices.The life-oriented travel behavior research argues that travel behavior not only results from various life choices,but life choices are also affected by travel behavior.Such arguments have not only theoretical foundations but also empirical evidence.Accordingly,policy decisions related to citizens'lives require communications and collaboration across sectors.Cross-sectoral actions need common languages.The life oriented approach presents a brand new theory to support cross-sectoral transportation planning and management.It can also serve as a new theory to support cross-sectoral urban and regional policy(or general public policy).The life oriented approach is developed as a truly scientific system,which can serve as a common language to support cross sectoral policy making.In this review paper,first,the life-oriented approach and its implications to deal with travel behavior research are described.Second,the research progresses of the following ten topics are overviewed:lifestyles,car dependence,household energy consumption,information and communication technology and life,health and life choices,tourism behavior,mobility of the elderly,risky behaviors of young people,responses to natural disasters,and mobility biography.These topics are closely related to travel behavior.Finally,travel behavior research challenges and prospects are discussed from the perspective of the life-oriented approach.