铁路集装箱混合货物平衡装载布局优化模型与算法

Optimization Model and Algorithm of Balanced Loading Layout of Railway Container Mixed Goods

铁路集装箱装载布局逐步发展成为在不同规格和不同类型货物混合平衡装载制约下追求装载空间容积和载重量综合利用率最大化问题,其研究对货物高效安全运输尤为重要。本文针对铁路集装箱混合货物平衡装载布局问题,给出铁路集装箱装后重心平衡和集重容许弯矩约束量化方法,以集装箱综合利用率最大化为优化目标,构建铁路集装箱混合货物平衡装载布局优化模型;区别于直接将货物构造为货物块的方法,给出了一种基于混合货物分类方法和待装货物结构判断指标的货物块单元构造方法,并设计一组货物块单元选择和放置方法及剩余空间更新规则,提出铁路集装箱混合货物平衡装载布局优化算法。算例结果表明:所提方法在保证集装箱装载空间容积和载重量的平均综合利用率不低于87%的同时,有92.8%和97.87%以上的概率满足装载重心平衡和集重容许弯矩约束,可有效提高货物块与剩余空间适配度,客观反映装载空间利用情况,并达到平衡装载要求,为铁路集装箱货物装载布局提供决策支持。

Railway container loading layout can be taken as the problem of maximizing the utilization of container space and load capacity under the restriction of balanced loading for mixed goods.Aiming at this type of problem,this paper proposes the constraint quantitative method for load balance of the container gravity center and the allowable bending moment of the concentrated-weight after loading.The loading layout optimization model is then developed to maximize the container utilization rate for mixed goods.In addition,the study proposes method to classify goods into block units based on mixed goods classifications and goods structure index,which is different from directly group goods into goods blocks.The method that can select and place a set of goods block units,and the rule that can update available space are also designed.The optimization algorithm is proposed to solve the model.The results from numerical example show that the proposed method can keep the average container space utilization and load capacity not less than 87%.There are 92.8%probability that the container gravity center is balanced after loading,and there are 97.87%probability that the allowable moment of concentrated-weight meet the requirement.The method can effectively match the size of the goods blocks with available spaces and objectively reflect the utilization of container space and meet the requirements of balanced loading,which provides support for railway container goods loading and layout optimization.