何种创新政策更有效?——基于企业规模的异质性分析

Which Innovation Policy is More Effective? A Heterogeneity Analysis based on Firm Size

政策支持的效果在不同规模企业之间表现出高度的异质性,但已有研究很少探索企业规模影响政策扶持效果的机制,更缺乏结合不同类型政策支持逻辑的研究。本研究基于中关村4421家科技型企业2008—2015年面板数据,探索并验证供给侧和需求侧政策支持对企业创新的影响差异及其内在机制。研究发现,需求侧政策支持主要奏效在低于企业规模门槛的小型企业,供给侧政策支持则奏效在高于企业规模门槛的大型企业,且供给侧与需求侧政策支持组合以企业规模门槛为分界线,分别呈替代性和互补性。本研究对创新政策制定、改革和创新型国家建设具有重要启示价值。

The innovation performance of policy support comes to be highly uncertain among the various sizes of enterprises.However, pervious researches have paid little attention to the heterogeneous characteristics of the firm’s size, combing with the logic of supply-side and demand-side policy support.Based on the balanced panel data of 4421 scientific and technological firms located in Zhongguancun Science Park from 2008 to 2015,this study explores the differentiated influence mechanism of policies of both supply-side and demand-side on firm’s innovation performance as well as the threshold under the effect.Our study reveals that demand-side policy would come into effect and positively affect firm’s innovation performance only if the firm’s size is smaller than its threshold.Meanwhile, the supply-side policy would only be effective and positively affect the large firm whose size is above the corresponding threshold.Additionally, the substitutability and complementarity between supply-side policy and demand-side policy also depend on whether the firm has crossed the corresponding threshold.Specifically, the supply-side policy and demand-side policy can be complementary when the firm has crossed the size threshold provided by policies of both supply-side and demand-side while they would present substitutive effect when firm’s size is relatively smaller than its threshold value.This paper probes into the differentiation realization mechanism of policies of both supply-side and demand-side on firm’s innovation, and the conclusion makes contributions to the innovation theory, institution-based view and resource-based view.The marginal contributions of this paper are as follow.Firstly, based on the two dimensions of policy and firm, this study explores the mechanism of firm size threshold effect on innovation from supply side, demand side and the mix of supply & demand and deepens the research on the micro-mechanism of the effectiveness of policy support.Secondly, this paper not only verifies the consistency of the positive impact on policies of both supply-side and demand-side about firm’s innovation, but also distinguishes the differences between the two mechanisms that affect enterprise innovation, which enriches the researches on the institution-based view.Thirdly, based on the theories of resource orchestration and resource bricolage, this paper examines the differential ability of firms in different sizes under the promoting policies of innovation, and expands the boundary of the research on the resource-based view.The conclusions of this study have important implications for innovation policy support, supply-side policy reform on innovation and the construction of innovative country.First, in order to achieve high-quality support, the heterogeneousness of enterprises should be considered and “targeted support” should be implemented.According to the conclusions that “demand-side policy support has a positive impact on small enterprises” and “supply-side policy support has a positive impact on large enterprises”,it is recommended that the national policy support should strengthen “target” and improve the effectiveness of support with “targeted support”.Second, supply-side policy reform on innovation is an important measure for the construction of innovative country, and the “supply agglomeration effect” needs to be strengthened.According to the conclusion that “policies of both supply-side and demand-side are complementarity in large firms exceeding a certain size threshold”,it is recommended that the national supply-side policy support strengthen the awareness of “complementarity”,and properly consider “policy group complementarity” for large enterprises to accomplish “technological supply agglomeration effect”.Third, the construction of innovative country should focus on strengthening the construction of innovative ecological network.According to the finding that “supply-side and demand-side policy support will ultimately depend on enterprises’ ability of resource orchestration and bricolage”,it is an important method to create a national industrial competitive advantage and promote firm’s innovation through match different types of innovation resources for firms of different sizes in the industry and create a good innovation ecological environment.