小麦抗穗发芽育种大田选种方法研究

On a Field Seed Selection Method of Wheat on Breeding of Resistance to Pre-harvest Sprouting

为了创立一种在非穗发芽灾害发生年份小麦抗穗发芽育种后代材料的大田选种方法,进行了小麦穗附着水率测定试验,大田穗部喷水套袋保湿试验,塑料袋颜色、规格、每袋套入麦穗数量以及加入保湿海绵的吸水量试验.发现用含0.04%吐温-80的水喷透小麦穗部后麦穗的附着水率最高;大田中用外包银色反光膜的黑色塑料袋包裹小麦穗部,测定其袋内的温度和外界温度最为接近;用40 cm×40 cm的塑料袋,每袋罩入50个麦穗时便于密封且大田植株不易倒伏;用加入吸水300 mL的海绵块,其外包银色反光膜的黑色塑料袋罩住麦穗,能够使袋内保持7 d,90%以上的相对湿度.集成这些试验结果研发了非穗发芽灾害发生年份小麦抗穗发芽育种新方法“大田穗部喷水套袋保湿法”,实现了在田间活体小麦植株上筛选抗穗发芽材料,保证了种子的成熟度,减轻了霉变,提高了抗穗发芽材料田间选择的准确性,节约了育种成本,缩减了工作量,实现了小麦抗穗发芽资源的高效筛选.

In order to establish a field seed selection method for wheat breeding progenies resistant to pre harvest sprouting in the year of non ear sprouting disaster,we have carried out the test of wheat ear Adhesion water rate and field wheat ear bagging moisture retention test,test on the color and specification of plastic bag,the number of wheat ears inserted one plastic bag and the water absorption of moisture sponge.Through experiments,we have found that when the water containing 0.04%Tween-80 was sprayed wheat ears,the adhesion water rate of wheat ears was the highest.In the field,a black plastic bag wrapped with silver reflective film was used to wrap the wheat ear,and the temperature in the bag was the closest to the outside temperature.When 40 cm×40 cm plastic bags are used and 50 wheat ears are package in each bag,it is easy to seal and plants are not easy to lodging to the ground in the field.Add a sponge that has absorbed 300 ml of water when wrapping the wheat ears in a black plastic bag wrapped with silver reflective film,which can keep the relative humidity above 90%for 7 days.Integrate these test results,A new seed selection method of“field ear water spraying and bagging moisture keeping method”was developed for wheat sprouting resistance breeding in non ear sprouting disaster years.It realized the selection of sprouting resistant materials on living wheat plants in the field,ensured the maturity of sprouting resistant seeds,reduced the mildew of wheat ears,improved the accuracy of field selection of sprouting resistant materials,saved the breeding cost,reduced the workload,and realized the efficient selection of sprouting resistant resources.selection method.