中国豆科树种种类及数量

The Current Species and Quantities of Leguminous Trees in China

【目的】豆科树种在林业生产和生态建设中占有重要地位,随着分子技术的出现和发展,新树种不断地被发现和鉴定,因此,迫切需要对该科树种种类和数量进行整理和更新。【方法】以Flora of China(《中国植物志》最新英文修订版)为基准,结合《中国植物志》和《中国树木志》对豆科树种进行系统查询和整理,首先对3个数据库各属收录情况进行整理,然后将所有树种的拉丁名在物种2000中国节点网站(http://www.sp2000.org.cn/)、The Plant List(http://www.theplantlist.org/)和Plants of the World Online(http://powo.science.kew.org/)上进行校对,将其中名称状态显示“未收录”“unresolved”“no results”的树种统计为尚存疑种。【结果】Flora of China收录107属706种,《中国植物志》有111属671种,《中国树木志》则记载了94属443种。在属的范畴上,《中国树木志》有15个属中文名称在Flora of China和《中国植物志》进行了修改,而拉丁名未曾改变;Flora of China和《中国植物志》有15个属(土圞儿属(Apios)、两节豆属(Aphyllodium)、肿荚豆属(Antheroporum)、蝙蝠草属(Christia)、蝶豆属(Clitoria)、镰瓣豆属(Dysolobium)、合欢草属(Desmanthus)、野扁豆属(Dunbaria)、无叶豆属(Eremosparton)、苜蓿属(Medicago)、链荚木属(Ormocarpum)、芒柄花属(Ononis)、坡油甘属(Smithia)、笔花豆属(Stylosanthes)、鹿藿属(Rhynchosia)),这些属中多数物种为草本,树种仅有21个,未见在《中国树木志》收录;Flora of China特有新收录了2个属(刺枝豆属(Eversmannia)和闭荚藤属(Mastersia));《中国植物志》特有新收录了4个属(染料木属(Genista)、荆豆属(Ulex)、金雀儿属(Cytisus)和小冠花属(Coronilla)),其中后两个属为引进栽培。在种的范畴上,Flora of China比《中国树木志》多收录树种325种,涵盖56属,比《中国植物志》多收录树种47种,涵盖17属,表明《中国植物志》与Flora of China在豆科树种收录方面相差相对较小,《中国树木志》则亟待补充和更新。此外,尚有存疑种3个,修订为草本的树种8个。【结论】通过在属和种水平上整理和评估发现,中国豆科树种目前共有118属765种,其中确定种为762种,存疑种为3种;Flora of China在豆科树种收录方面较为全面,《中国树木志》亟待补充和更新,本研究为今后该科树种的深入研究和开发利用奠定了基础。

【Objective】Leguminous trees play a key role in forestry production and ecological construction.However,the description of new species with the development of molecular techniques results in an urgent demand for the sorting out and updation of these tree species.【Method】Based on the Flora of China(eFOC;the latest revised version in English),leguminous tree species were systematically searched and sorted out at both the genus and species levels.With the combination of Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae(FRPS)and Woody Flora of China(WFC),the Latin names of all these tree species were checked online(the Species 2000 China Node website,the Plant List,and Plants of the World Online),Tree species which showing“not included”“unresolved”“no results”were marked as“suspicious species”.【Result】The results showed that there were 706 species in 107 genera and 671 species in 111 genera in eFOC and FRPS respectively,while there were only 443 species in 94 genera in WFC.At the species level,the Chinese names of 15 genera in WFC whad been modified in FRPS and eFOC,but the Latin names of them were not changed.There were 15 genera newly collected in both FRPS and eFOC,including Apios,Aphyllodium,Antheroporum,Christia,Clitoria,Dysolobium,Desmanthus,Dunbaria,Eremosparton,Medicago,Ormocarpum,Ononis,Smithia,Stylosanthes and Rhynchosia,and most of them were herbaceous species,which only 21 tree species were found.Two genera were newly collected only in eFOC,named Eversmannia,Mastersia,and four genera were newly collected only in FRPS,namely Genista,Ulex,Cytisus and Coronilla,,the last two of them were introduced as the cultivated variety from abroad.At the species level,eFOC had 325 more tree species(56 genera)than WFC,while only had 47 more tree species(17 genera)than FRPS,showing that a relatively less difference was found in the collection of leguminous tree species between FRPS and eFOC while the content WFC should be supplemented and updated urgently.Besides,there were 3 suspicious species at present,and 8 tree species in WFC were changed to herbaceous species in eFOC and FRPS.【Conclusion】There were a total of 765 species in 118 genera,in which 762 were confirmed species and 3 were suspicious.Currently,eFOC was the most updated in the collection of legume species,while WFC needs to be updated urgently.This study would be valuable to further investigation and utilization in the future.