福寿螺在北京地区的适生性分析

Suitability Analysis of Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck in Beijing

【目的】为预测福寿螺(Pomacea canaliculate Lamarck)在北京的危害,分析了福寿螺在北京地区的潜在适生性和季节性入侵风险。【方法】以气象数据和福寿螺的生物学参数为基础,基于CLIMEX模型对福寿螺在北京地区的适生性进行分析。【结果】福寿螺在北京地区难以越冬,但在5—7月份引入可形成季节性入侵生存。5月上旬至7月下旬引入成螺,可以正常产卵、孵化,幼螺及新一代成螺可以造成一定危害;7月下旬以后引入成螺,虽可以短暂存活并可能产卵,但下一代幼螺已经不能正常发育。6月上旬至7月中旬引入的卵,可以正常孵化并且下一代幼螺可以取食植物造成一定危害;7月下旬以后引入的卵,可能部分孵化,但新孵化的幼螺已经不能正常发育。【结论】福寿螺在北京地区不能周年生存,但在春夏季节引入可以造成季节性繁殖和一定的危害,因此在北京地区不能引入和放生福寿螺。

【Objective】For predicting harmfulness of Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck in Beijing,we analyzed its potential colonization and seasonal invasive risks.【Method】In this study,we combined meteorological data with biological parameters of P.canaliculata based on CLIMEX model to predict its suitability and damage in Beijing.【Result】Although the P.canaliculata could not overwinter in Beijing,it could cause seasonal harm when introduced from May to July.The adult snails introduced from early May to mid-July can lay eggs and hatch normally.The young snails and the new generation of adult snails can bring a series of harm.Adult snails introduced after late July can survive for a short time or may lay eggs,but the next generation of young snails cannot develop normally.The eggs introduced from early June to mid-July could hatch normally,and the young snails could feed and harm plants.Eggs introduced after late July may partially hatch,but the newly hatched young snails cannot develop normally.【Conclusion】The snails could not survive all year round in Beijing,but could cause seasonal reproduction and certain harm when introduced in spring and summer.Therefore,P.canaliculata cannot be introduced and released in Beijing.