宫颈癌免疫学发病机制研究进展

Research Progress of Immunological Pathogenesis of Cervical Cancer

宫颈癌发病率居妇科恶性肿瘤首位,人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染是宫颈癌发生的先决条件,其中高危型HPV持续性感染极大提高了宫颈癌发病风险。HPV感染后,其DNA整合至宿主细胞DNA中,整合过程会导致许多病毒编码的早期和晚期基因缺失,进一步导致宿主细胞周期失控,从而导致宫颈病变发生。同时,HPV通过多种途径使宫颈免疫微环境发生变化,从而导致机体局部免疫功能下降,进而导致免疫逃逸发生,促进疾病进展。这期间,不仅经历了巨噬细胞、自然杀伤细胞和树突状细胞等参与的固有免疫过程,还经历了以T细胞为主的适应性免疫应答。上述各种免疫细胞及其分泌的细胞因子相互影响、相互协同,共同在宫颈癌免疫逃逸及肿瘤免疫应答中起着重要作用。明确HPV感染、免疫细胞、免疫因子与免疫逃逸的关系,将为宫颈癌治疗提供方向。

The incidence of cervical cancer ranks first in gynecological malignancies.Human papilloma virus(HPV)infection is a prerequisite for the occurrence of cervical cancer.Among them,persistent infection of high-risk HPV greatly increases the risk of cervical cancer.After HPV infection,its DNA is integrated into the host cell DNA,and the integration process will lead to the deletion of many early and late genes encoded by the virus,which further leads to the uncontrolled host cell cycle,resulting in cervical lesions.At the same time,HPV changes the immune microenvironment of the cervix through a variety of ways,which leads to the decline of the body′s local immune function,which in turn leads to immune escape and promotes disease progression.During this period,not only experienced the innate immune process involving macrophages,natural killer cells and dendritic cells,but also experienced the adaptive immune response dominated by T cells.The abovementioned various immune cells and their secreted cytokines interact and cooperate with each other,and together play an important role in cervical cancer immune escape and tumor immune response.Clarifying the relationship between HPV infection,immune cells,immune factors and immune escape will provide directions for cervical cancer treatment.